Bibliography

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z

Bibliography websites

A

Abbeloos, Joannes Baptista, editor. Acta Mar Ḳardaghi Assyriae praefecti qui sub Sapore II martyr occubuit syriace juxta manuscriptum A midense una cum versione latina edidit nunc primum. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1890. Accessed online 23.10.2018.

Abdalla, Michael. “Syriac Writers and Their Works from the 1st through the 5th Century of Christianity.” Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 2 (2010): 9-27.

Abdalla, Michael. “Z kręgu folkloru chrześcijańskich Asyryjczyków.” Literatura Ludowa 4-6 (1986): 63-76.

Abramowski, Luise. “Der Bischof von Seleukia-Ktesiphon als Katholikos und Patriarch der Kirche des Osten.” In Syrien im 1.-7. Jahrhundert nach Christus. Akten der 1. Tübinger Tagung zum Christlichen Orient (15-16. Juni 2007). Edited by D. Bumazhnov, 1-55. Tübingen, 2011.

Adang, Camilla and Sabine Schmidtke, editors.  Contacts and Controversies between Muslims, Jesus and Christians in the Ottoman Empire and Pre-Modern Iran. Wurzburg: Ergon, 2010. PDF.

Adle, Chahryar, Madhavan K. Palat and Anara Tabyshalieva, editors. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period: from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century. Paris: UNESCO. 2005. PDF

Afinogenov, D. E and A. V. Murav’ev, editors. Traditions and Heritage of the Christian East: Proceedings of the International Conference.  Moscow: Indrik, 1996.

Aitken, Ellen Bradshaw and John M. Fossey, editors.  The Levant: Crossroads of Late Antiquity (Le Levant: Carrefour de L’Antiquite Tardive). Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Alizade, Anar [ƏlizadəA.] Azərbaycanda Xristianlıq: keçmişdən bu günə. [Christianity in Azerbaijan: from the past to the present] A. – Bakı: «Elm vətəhsil», 2016. Accessed online 27.10.2021. Available on academia.edu.

Allard, Michel. “Les Chrétiens à Baghdād.” Arabica, vol. 9 nr. 3 (Oct. 1962): 375-388. Available on JSTOR.

Allgeier, Arthur. “Neue Aufschlüsse über die Anfänge des Christentums im Orient.” Der Katholik 96 (1916): 393-401.

Allsen, Thomas T. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

al-Ka‘bi, Nasir. A Short Chronicle on the End of the Sasanian Empire and Early Islam: 590–660 A.D. Gorgias Chronicles of Late Antiquity 1. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2016.

Al-Murikhi, Saif Shaheen. “The Influence of Christianity among the Arab Tribes in the Gulf Area during the Sixth and Seventh Centuries A.D.” In The Syriac Writers of Qatar in the Seventh Century, edited by Mario Kozah, et al., 249-267. Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies 38. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2014.

Altaner Berthold. Die Dominikanermissionen des 13. Jahrhunderts. Habelschwerdt 1924.

Altheim, Franz. “Nestorianische Mission, Merw Stadt der Übersetzer, Rabban Saumas Reise nach dem Westen 1287-1288.” In Geschichte der Hunnen, volume 3, 190-217. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1959-1962.

Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. Mongols and Mamluks: the Mamluk-Ilkhanid War 1260-1281. Cambridge: CUP, 1995.

Andrade, Nathanael John. “The Syriac Book of the Laws of the Countries, Eusebius’ Preparation for the Gospel, and the Clementine Recognitions: Early Witnesses for Christianity in Central Asia?” Electrum 22 (2015): 159-171. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Andrews, Fred H. Wall Paintings from Ancient Shrines in Central Asia, Recovered by Sir Aurel Stein. London: OUP, 1948. Viewed online 15.04.2019.

Anooshahr, Ali. Turkestan and the Rise of Eurasian Empires: A Study of Politics and Invented Traditions. New York: OUP, 2018.

Arnold, Lauren. Princely Gifts and Papal Treasures: The Franciscan Mission in China and its Influence on the Art of the West 1250–1350. San Francisco: Desiderata Press, 1999.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Christianity in Central Asia: A third wave of revival.” Abstract.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Coins Convey a Message: Numismatic Evidence for Sogdian Christianity.” Central Asiatic Journal 61 (2018): 257-295.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Inculturation matérielle de l’Église d’Orient en Asiecentrale: témoignages archéologiques.” Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015. Available on academia.edu.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Material culture objects and Structures: On the Social Representation of the Church of the East in Sogdiana.” Unpublished conference presentation.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Material Inculturation of the Church of the East in Central Asia: Archaeological Evidence.” Unpublished conference presentation.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Out of Syriac into Sogdian: The History of the Church of the East in Sogdiana.” Unpublished conference presentation.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Sogdian Christian Texts: Complex-Codicological Survey.” ВестникТаджикского Национального Университета, Серия Филологических Наук 4:7 217: 21-26.  Accessed online 24.10.2018

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Sogdian Christian Texts: Manifestation of ‘Sogdian Christianity’.” In Manuscripta Orientalia, vol. 21, n. 1 June 2015. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. “Sogdian Christian Texts: Socio-Cultural Observations.”  In Archiv Orientálni (Prague) 83, (2015): 53-70. Acccessed online 31.10.2018.

Ashurov, Barakatullo. Tarsākyā: An Analysis of Sogdian Christianity Based On Archaeological, Numismatic, Epigraphic and Textual Sources. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London, 2013. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Asmussen, Jes P. “Christians in Iran” in Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3. Cambridge: CUP, 1983.

Asmussen, Jes P. “The Sogdian and Uighur-Turkish Christian Literature in Central Asia before the Real Rise of Islam: A Survey.”’ In Indological and Buddhist Studies: Volume in Honour of Professor J.W. de Jong on his Sixtieth Birthday. Edited by L.A. Hercus, et al., 11-29. Delhi: Sri Satguru, 1982.

Assemani, Josephus Aloysius. De Catholicis seu Patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum, Commentarius Historico-Chronologicus. Rome, 1775. Reprint. Farnborough, England: Gregg International, 1969.

Assfalg, Julius and Paul Krüger, eds. Kleines Wörterbuch des christlichen Orients. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1975.

Atiya, Aziz S. A History of Eastern Christianity. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Atiya Aziz S. Historia Kościołów wschodnich. Warszawa: PAX, 1978.

Attwater, Donald. The Christian Churches of the East. Milwaukee: University of Michigan, 1961.

Auchez A. V. “Chrześcijanie wobec niechrześcijan.” In Historia chrześcijaństwa. Religia. Kultura. Polityka. t. 5 – Ekspansja Kościła rzymskiego 1054-1274. Edited by A. Vauchez, J. Kłoczowski. Warszawa 2001: 580-606.

B

Babinger, Franz. Z dziejów imperium Osmanów: Sułtan Mehmed Zdobywca i jego Czasy. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1977.

Badger, George P. The Nestorians and Their Rituals. 2 vols. London: J. Masters, 1853. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Bamana, Gaby, editor. “Christianity and Mongolia: Past and Present.” In Proceedings of the Antoon Mostaert Symposium on Christianity and Mongolia: Past and Present, Ulaanbaatar, August 10-12 2006. Ulaanbaatar: Antoon Mostaert Center, 2006.

Băncilă, Ionuţ Daniel. “Christian Sogdian Literature – an Overview.” Studia Asiatica 10 (2009): 233-262.

Barat, Kahar. “Alouben, a Nestorian Missionary in 7th Century China.” In Journal of Asian History 36.2 (2002): 184-198.

Barbati, Chiara. The Christian Sogdian Gospel Lectionary E5 in Context. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 874, Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik 81. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2016. Accessed online 24.10.2018 Available on academia.edu.

Barbati, Chiara. “Christian Sogdian Manuscript C5 as an Example of “Translation Literature: Work in Progress.” In Ancient and Middle Iranian Studies: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference of Iranian Studies, Held in Vienna, 18-22 September 2007. Edited by Maria et al., 1-10. Iranica 19. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010.

Barbati, Chiara. “Codicological Issues in Exploring the Christian Sogdian Manuscript Tradition.” Gazette du livre medieval 61 (2014): 20-35.

Barbati, Chiara. “La documentation sogdienne chrétienne et le monastère de Bulayïq.” In Le christianisme syriaque en Asie Centrale et en Chine, edited by Pier Giorgio Borbone and Pierre Marsone, 89-120. Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015. Available on academia.edu.

Barbati, Chiara. “The Emergence of the Allographic Phenomenon within the Christian Sogdian Tradition.” In Scripts Beyond Borders: A Survey of Allographic Traditions in the Euro-Mediterranean World, edited by Johannes den Heijer, et al., 257-278. Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain 62. Louvain: Peeters, 2014.

Barbati, Chiara. Mitteliranisch-christliche Manuskriptologie. In Handbuch der Iranistik, Band 2. Edited by Ludwig Paul, 403-411. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag 2017. Available on academia.edu.

Barbati, Chiara. “Notes on Christian Sogdian Terminology with Special Reference to the Sogdian Gospel Lectionary C 5.” Nāme-ye Irān-e Bāstān 12:1-2 (2014): 105-120. Available on academia.edu.

Barbati, Chiara. “Syriac into Middle Iranian: A Translation Studies Approach to Sogdian and Pahlavi Manuscripts within the Church of the East.” Open Linguistics 1 (2015): 444-457. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Barnes, T.D. “Constantine and the Christians of Persia.” In Journal of Roman Studies, 75 (1985): 126-136.

Barthold, Vasilii V. Four Studies on the History of Central Asia. Vol.1, A short history of Turkestan; History of the Semirechye. Vol.2, Ulugh-beg. 1958. Vol.3, Mir Ali-Shir; A history of the Turkman people. 1962.

Barthold, Vasilij V. Zur Geschichte des Christentums in Mittel-Asien bis zur mongolischen Eroberung. Translated by Rudolph Stübe. Tübingen/Leipzig: J.C.B. Mohr, 1901. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Basirov, Oric. “’Proselytisation’” and ‘Exposure of the Dead’: Two Christian Calumnies Commonly Raised against the Sasanians.” In Faszination Iran: Beiträge zur Religion, Geschichte und Kunst des Alten Iran. Gedenkschrift für Klaus Schippmann. Edited by Shervin Farridnejad, et al., 1-24. Göttinger Orientforschungen, III. Reihe: Iranica NF 13. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015.

Baskins, Cristelle. “Popes, Patriarchs and Print: Representing Chaldeans in Renaissance Rome.” In Renaissance Studies 28/3 (2013): 405–425.

Baum, Wilhelm and Dietmar Winkler. Die Apostolische Kirche des Ostens: Geschichte der sogenannten Nestorianer. Einführung in das orientalisches Christentum 1. Klagenfurt: Kitab, 2000.

Baum, Wilhelm and Dietmar Winkler. The Church of the East: A Concise History. New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Baumer, Christoph. The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity. Translated by Miranda G Henry. London/New York: I.B. Tauris, 2006.

Baumer, Christoph. Frühes Christentum zwischen Euphrat und Jangtse. Eine Zeitreise entlang der Seidenstrasse zur Kirche des Ostens. Stuttgart: Urachhaus, 2005.

Baumer, Christoph. Traces in the Desert: Journeys of Discovery Across Central Asia. London: I.B. Tauris, 2008.

Baumstark, Anton. “Eine syrische Weltgeschichte des siebten Jahrh.s.” Römische Quartalschrift für christliche Altertumskunde und für Kirchengeschichte 15 (1901): 273-280.

Baumstark, Anton. Geschichte der syrischen Literatur, mit Ausschluss der christlich-palästinensischen Texte. Bonn: Weber, 1922. Viewed online 21.01.2020.

Baumstark, Anton. “Neue soghdisch-nestorianische Bruchstücke.” Oriens Christianus 4 (1915): 123-128.

Beck, Hans-Georg. Geschichte der orthodoxen Kirche im byzantinischen Reich. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1980. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Beck, Hans-Georg. Kirche und theologische Literatur im byzantinischen Reich. München: C.H. Beck, 1959.

Becker, Adam H.  Fear of God and the Beginning of Wisdom: The School of Nisibis and the Development of Scholastic Culture in Late Antique Mesopotamia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

Becker, Adam H. “Martyrdom, Religious Difference and ‘Fear’ as a Category of Piety in the Sasanian Empire: The case of the Martyrdom of Gregory and the Martyrdom of Yazdpaneh.” Journal of Late Antiquity, 2.2 (2009): 300-336.

Becker, Adam, H., translator. Sources for the Study of the School of Nisibis.  (Translated Texts for Historians 50) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2008.

Becker, Carl Heinrich. “Christliche Polemik und islamische Dogmenbildung.” In Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 26 (1912) 175-195. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Beckingham, C.F. The Achievements of Prester John, An Inaugural Lecture Delivered on 17 May 1966. London, University of London (School of Oriental & African Studies). Distributed by Luzac, 1966.

Bedjan, Paul. Sancti Martyrii, qui et Sahdona, quae supersunt omnia. Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz,1902. Accessed online 17.04.2019.

Bell, Richard. The Origin of Islam in its Christian Environment. London: MacMillan, 1926. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Beltz, Walter. “Die Entsakramentalisierung der syrischen Kirche im Sasanidenreich.” In Inkulturation des Christentums im Sasanidenreich. Edited by Arafa Mustafa, et al., 295-304. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert, 2007.

Bennison, Amira K. and Alison L. Gascoigne, editors. Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World: The Urban Impact of Religion, State and Society. Abingdon: Routledge, 2007.

Benveniste, Émile. “Études sur quelques textes sogdiens chrétiens.” Journal Asiatique 243 (1955) 297-337; 247 (1959) 115-136.

Benveniste, Émile.  “Fragments des Actes de saint Georges en version sogdienne.” Journal Asiatique 234 (1943-1945) 91-116. Reprinted in: Études sogdiennes, Reichert, Wiesbaden 1979 (Beiträge zur Iranistik 9), 190-215.

Benveniste, Émile. “Le vocabulaire chrétien dans les langues d’Asie central.” In Atti del Convegno Internazionale sul tema: l’Oriente cristiano nella storia delle civiltà (Roma 31 marzo – 3 aprile 1963, Firenze 4 aprile 1963). Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 1964. (Problemi attuali di scienza e di cultura 62), 85-92. Reprinted in: Études sogdiennes. 
Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1979 (Beiträge zur Iranistik 9), 308-314.

Bethune-Baker, J.F. Nestorius and Hist Teaching: A Fresh Examination of the Evidence. Cambridge: CUP, 1908. available online

Bettiolo, Paolo. “Contrasting Styles of Ecclesiastical Authority and Monastic Life in the Church of the East at the Beginning of the Seventh Century.” In Foundations of Power and Conflicts of Authority in Late-Antique Monasticism: Proceedings of the International Seminar, Turin, December 2-4, 2004. Edited by Alberto Camplani and Giovanni Filoramo, 297-331. Louvain/Paris/Dudley, MA: Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2007.

Bihl, Мichael and A.C. Moule. “De duabus epistolis Fratrum Minorum Tartariae Aquilonaris an. 1323. Textus duarum epistolarum Fr. Minorum Tartariae Aquilonaris an. 1323.” Archivum Franciscanum Historicum. Firenze : Quaracchi presso, 1924, 89-112.

Bira, S. “The Mongols and Their State in the Twelfth to the Thirteenth Century.” In History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century, vol. IV, pt. 1. Edited by M. S. Asimow, C. E. Bosworth. Paris: UNESCO, 1998. 248-264. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Birnie, M. J. “East Syrian Liturgy as an Expression of Christology – With Special Attention to the use of the ‘Exchange of Predicates.’” Church of Beth Kokheh Journal 09/04/2016. Viewed online 17.12.2019.

Biruni, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. The Chronology of Ancient Nations: An EnglishVersion of the Arabic Text of theAthâr-ul-Bâkiya of Albîrûnî; Or “Vestiges of the past,” Collected and Reduced to Writing by the Author in A.H. 390-1, AD 1000, edited and translated by Edward C. Sachau. London: W.H. Allen, 1879. Accessed online 17.04.2019.

Biscione, Raffaele. “The So-Called ‘Nestorian Seals’: Connection between Ordos and Middle Asia in Middle-Late Bronze Age.” In Orientalia Iosephi Tucci memoriae dicata, edited by Gherardo Gnoli and Lionello Lanciotti, 95-109. Serie Orientale Roma 56. Roma: Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1985.

Biscop, Jean-Luc. “Réorganisation du monachisme syrien autour du sanctuaire de Saint-Syméon.” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 131-168. Paris: Geuthner: 2013.

Bitton-Ashkelony, Brouria. “From Sacred Travel to Monastic Career: The Evidence of Late Antique Syriac Hagiography.” Adamantius 16 (2010): 353-370. Available on academia.edu.

Bonner, Michael R. “Sasanian Persia: The Other Christian Empire.” PowerPoint presentation. www.academia.edu. No date. Available on academia.edu, 17.04.2019.

Bonner, Michael R. “Rome and the Christians of Persia: Competition and Cooperation.” PowerPoint presentation. www.academia.edu. No date. Available on academia.edu, 17.04.2019.

Borbone, Pier Giorgio. “Les Églises d’Asie Centrale et de Chine: État de la Question à Partir des Textes et des Découvertes Archéologiques: Essai de Synthèse.” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 441-465. Paris: Geuthner: 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Borbone Pier Giorgio. “Marāgha mdittā arškitā: Syriac Christians in Marāgha under Mongol rule.” In Egitto e Vicino Oriente XL (2017); 109-143. Available on academia.edu.

Borbone, Pier Giorgio. “I siri-orientali e la loro espansione missionaria dall’Asia centrale al Mar della Cina.” In Dal Mediterraneo al Mar della Cina: l’irradiazione della tradizione cristiana di Antiochia nel continente asiatico e nel suo universo religioso.  Edited by Luciano Vaccaro. Libreria editrice vaticana, 2015: 279-304. Download online.

Borbone, Pier Giorgio. “Some Aspects of Turco-Mongol Christianity in the Light of Literary and Epigraphic Syriac Sources.” Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society 19:2 (2005): 5-20. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Borbone, Pier Giorgio, and Pierre Marsone, (eds). Le christianisme syriaque en Asia central et en Chine. Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015.

Braun, Oskar. Das Buch der Synhados, oder, Synodicon orientale: die Sammlung der Nestorianischen Konzilien, zusammengestellt im neunten Jahrhundert: nach der Syrischen Handschrift, Museo Borgiano 82, der Vatikanischen Bibliothek; Übersetzt und erläutert, mit kritischen und historischen Anmerkungen, Namen- und Sachregistern. Stuttgart/Wien:1900. Reprint: Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1975. Accessed online 17.04.2019.

Brelaud, Simon. “La diffusion du christianisme dans l’empire sassanide.” Dossiers d’archéologie, Hors Série n 33: Les chrétiens d’Orient. Septembre 2017, 34-41.

Brelaud, Simon. “Un programme de restauration exceptionnelle au nord de l’Irak : les églises du monastère de Rabban Hormizd. ” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 381-390. Paris: Geuthner: 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Brock, Sebastian P. “Christians in the Sassanian Empire: A Case of Divided Loyalties.” In Religious and National Identity: Papers Read at the Nineteenth Summer Meeting and the Twentieth Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, edited by Stuart Mews, 1-19. Studies in Church History 18. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1982.

Brock, Sebastian. “The Christology of the Church of the East.” In Traditions and Heritage of the Christian East, ed. D. Afinogenov and A. Muraviev. Moscow: Izdatelstvo Indrik, 1996. Viewed online 17.12.2019.

Brock, Sebastian P. “The Church of the East in the Sasanian Empire up to the Sixth Century and its Absence from the Councils in the Roman Empire.” In Syriac Dialogue: First Non-Official Consultation on Dialogue within the Syriac Tradition, 69-86. Vienna: Pro Oriente, 1994.

Brock, Sebastian P. “An Early Syriac Commentary on the Liturgy.” Journal of Theological Studies [New Series] 37 (1986): 387-403.

Brock, Sebastian P. Fire from Heaven: Studies in Syriac Theology and Liturgy. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006. Previewed online 2.11.2018.

Brock, Sebastian P. “From Antagonism to Assimilation: Syriac Attitudes to Greek Learning.” In East of Byzantium: Syria and Armenia in the Formative Period, edited by Nina Garsoïan, et al. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1982.

Brock, Sebastian P. “The ‘Nestorian’ Church: a lamentable misnomer.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, 78.3 (1996): 23-35. Accessed online 31.10.2018.

Brock, Sebastian P., Grigory Kessel and Sergey Minov. “Recent Publications on Syriac Topics: 2016.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 20:1 (2017): 257-315. Available on academia.edu.

Brock, Sebastian P., Grigory Kessel, and Sergey Minov. “Recent Publications on Syriac Topics: 2017,” Hugoye 21:1 (2018): 143-195. Available on academia.edu.

Brock, Sebastian P., Grigory Kessel and Sergey Minov. “Recent Publications on Syriac Topics: 2019.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 23:1 (2020): 131-180. Available on academia.edu.

Brock, Sebastian P. “Some Early Syriac Baptismal Commentaries.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 46/1 (1980): 20-61.

Brock, Sebastian P. “A Syriac List of Mongol Rulers.” In Der christliche Orient und seine Umwelt. Gesammelte Studien zu Ehren Jürgen Tubachs anläßlich seines 60. Geburtstages, edited by G. Sophia Vashalomidze and Lutz Greisiger, 327-336. Studies in Oriental Religions 56. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007.

Brock, Sebastian P. “Two Letters of the Patriarch Timothy from the Late Eighth Century on Translations from Greek.” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 9 (1999): 233-246.  

Brown, Mark. “The Romance of Nestorian Crosses.” Chinese Recorder 64 (2) 1933: 76-82.

Browne, Lawrence E. The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia from the Time of Muhammed till the Fourteenth Century. New York: Howard Fertig, 1967.

Bryder, Peter. The Chinese Transformation of Manichaeism: A Study of Chinese Manichaean Terminology. Löberöd, Sweden: Bokförlaget Plus Ultra, 1985.

Brzeziński, Stanisław. Misjonarze i dyplomaci polscy w Persji w XVII i XVIII wieku. Potulice: Seminarium Zagraniczne, 1935. Accessed online 2.11.2018.

Buchanan, Claudius. Christian Researches in Asia: With Notices of the Translation of the Scriptures into the Oriental Languages. London: Cadell and Davies, 1812. Accessed online 17.04.2019.

Buck Christopher. Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the Baha’i Faith. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999. Available on academia.edu.

Buck, Christopher. “The Universality of the Church of the East: How Persian was Persian Christianity?” Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 10:1 (1996): 54-95. Download PDF. Available on academia.edu, 17.04.2019.

Budge, Ernest A. Wallis. The Monks of Kûblâi Khân, Emperor of China, or The History of the Life and Travels of Rabban Sâwmâ, Envoy and Plenipotentiary of the Mongol Khâns to the Kings of Europe, and Markôs who as Mâr Yahbh-Allâhâ III Became Patriarch of the Nestorian Church in Asia. London: The Religious Tract Society, 1928. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Bueno, Irene. “Le storie dei Mongoli al centro della cristianità. Het‘um da Korykos e i suoi primi lettori avignonesi, Marino Sanudo e Paolino da Venezia.” In Reti Medievali. Rivista 17/2 (2016): 153-182. Download PDF.

Bulliet, Richard W. Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quantitative History. Cambridge: Harvard, 1979.  Read online with Fulcrum.

Bundy, David. “Early Asian East African Christianities.” In The Cambridge History of Christianity: Constantine to c. 600. Edited by Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris, 118-148. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2008.

Burr David. “Antichrist and Islam in Medieval Franciscan Exegesis.” In John Victor Tolan, ed., Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam: A Book of Essays, 131-152. London: Routledge, 2013.

Burkitt,  F. Crawford. “The Christian Church in the East.”  In The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume XI. Edited by  S.A. Cook, et al., 476-515. Cambridge: CUP, 1939. Accessed online 17.04.2019.

Burkitt, F. Crawford. Early Eastern Christianity Outside the Roman Empire. St. Margaret’s Lectures on the Syriac Speaking Church. London: John Murray, 1904. Accessed online 2.11.2018.

Burkitt, F. Crawford. Urchristentum im Orient. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1907.

Buryakov Y.F., Baipakov K.M., Tashbayeva K.I. and Yakubov Y., editors. The cities and routes of the Great Silk Road. On Central Asia documents. Tashkent: Sharg, 1999. PDF

C

Cai, Hongsheng. Tangdai jiu xing hu yu Tujue wenhua (The Nine Hu-Surnames and Turkic Culture). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2001.

Callebaut, Paul-Jacques and Nicole Saey. Nestorians and Syrians: Primitive Christian Churches. DVD. Falls Church, VA : Landmark Films, 1985.

Capezzone, Leonardo. “La politica ecumenica califfale: pluriconfessionalismo, dispute interreligiose e trasmissione del patrimonio greco nei secoli VIII-IX.” Oriente Moderno 17 (1999) 1-62.

Carlson, Thomas Andrew.Christians in Fifteenth-Century Iraq: The Church of the East as a Conceptual Community. Ph.D Dissertation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University 2012. Download PDF.

Carus, Paul, editor. The Nestorian Monument: An Ancient Record of Christianity. Chicago: Open Court Publishing, 1909. Accessed online 7.11.2018.

Cary-Elwes, Columba. China and the Cross: A Survey of Missionary History. London/New York: Longmans Green, 1957.

Cassingena-Trévedy, François. “Constructions, destructions, inhabitationdivine: mystère et vie des églises à travers les écrits des premiersauteurs syriaques (IVe – VIesiècle).” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 521-540. Paris: Geuthner: 2013.

Chabot, Jean Baptiste, translator. Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1902. Accessed online 26.04.2019.

Chaillot, Christine. The Assyrian Church of the East; History and Geography.UK: Peter Lang, 2021. 

Chalassery, Joseph. The Holy Spirit and Christian Initiation in the East Syrian Tradition.  Rome: Mar Thoma Yogam, 1995.

Chapman, Gordon H. “Christianity Comes to Asia.” In The Church in Asia.  Edited by Donald E. Hoke. Chicago: Moody Press, 1975.

Charfi, Abdelmajid. “Polémiques islamo-chrétiennes à l’époque medieval.” In Scholarly Approaches to Religion, Interreligious Perceptions and Islam. Studia Religiosa Helvetica 1. Edited by J. Waardenburg (ed.), 261-274. Bern: Peter Lang, 1995.

Charles, Henri. Le christianisme des arabes nomades sur le limes et dans le désert syro-mésopotamien aux alentours de l’Hégire. Syriac Studies Library 222. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2012.

Charon, Cyrille. Histoire des patriarcats melkites (Alexandrie, Antioche, Jerusalem) depuis le schisme monophysite du sixième siècle jusqu’à nos jours: t. 2, fasc. 1; t. 3, fasc. 1-2. Paris: Picard, 1911.

Chaumont, M-L. La christianisation de l’Empire iranien, des origines aux grandes persecutions du IVe siecle. Subs. 80. (Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium). Louvain: Peeters Publishers, 1988.

Chen Huaiyu. “The Connection between Jingjiao and Buddhist Texts in Late Tang China.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L. Hofrichter, 93-113. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Chen Huaiyu. “The Encounter of Nestorian Christianity with Tantric Buddhism in Medieval China.”  In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 195-213. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009. Available on academia.edu, 26.04.2019.

Chen, Jian Andrea. “Investigation of the Idea of Nestorian Crosses – based on F.A. Nixon’s Collection.” Studies on Religion & Culture in Asia, vol. 2 (2017): 3-24. Accessed online 7.11.2018.

Chengyong, Ge. “Tangdai Chang’an yige sute jiating de jingjiao xinyang” (The Nestorian Faith of a Sogdian Family in Chang’an during the Tang Dynasty). Lishi yanjiu (Historical Research) 3 (2001): 181-186.

Chengyong, Ge and Matteo Nicolini-Zani. “The Christian Faith of a Sogdian Family in Chang’an during the Tang Dynasty.” Annali dell’Università degli studi di Napoli “L’Orientale”. Rivista del Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici e del Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, 2004 (64): 181-196. PDF.

Chialà, Sabino. Ecumenismo e dialogo. Milano: Centro Ambrosiano, 2006.

Chiu, Peter Chung-Hang. An Historical Study of Nestorian Christianity in the T’ang Dynasty between A.D. 635-845. Ph.D. dissertation. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1987.

Chmelnizkij, Sergeij. Zwischen Kuschanen und Arabern : die Architektur Mittelasiens im V.-VIII. Jh. ; ein Rückblick in die Kulturgeschichte der Sowjetunion. Berlin: Hosemann & Goebel, 1989.

Christelle, Jullien, Sofia G. Vashalomidze and Lutz Greisiger. “Der Christliche Orient und seine Umwelt. Gesammelte Studien zu Ehren Jürgen Tubach anlässlich seines 60.” Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2007, viii-48. (Studies in Oriental Religions 56). Abstracta Iranica [Online], Volume 31, 2011, document 229, posted on 11 October 2012.

Chwolson, Daniel. “Syrische Grabinschriften aus Semirjetschie, herausgegeben und erlkart.” In Memoires de L’Academie Imperiale de Sciences de St. Petersburg, Series VII, Vol. XXXIV, No. 4 and Vol. XXXVII, No. 8. St. Petersburg, 1886.

Chwolson, Daniel. Syrisch-Nestorianische Grabinschriften aus Semirjetschie. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2013.

Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de.The travels of the Spanish ambassador Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo (d. 1412) to the court of Tamerlane. Extracts from Guy Le Strange, Clavijo. Embassy to Tamerlane 1403-1406 (New York and London: Harper, 1928). Accessed online 27.10.2021.

Cleaves, Francis Woodman, translator. The Secret History of the Mongols: For the First Time Done into English out of the Original Tongue and Provided with an Exegetical Commentary. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1982.

Cochrane, Steve.“East Syrian Monasteries in the Ninth Century in Asia: A Force for Mission and Renewal.” International Bulletin of Missionary Research 38:2 (2014): 80-83. PDF.

Colless, Brian Edric. “The Legacy of the Ancient Syrian Church.” Evangelical Quarterly, 1968. Available on academia.edu.

Colless, Brian Edric. “The Nestorian Province of Samarkand.” Abr-Nahrain 24 (1986): 51-57.

Comneno, Maria Adelaide Lala. “Nestorianism in Central Asia during the First Millennium: Archaeological Evidence.” Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 11:1 (1997): 20-53. Download PDF.

Connolly R.H., translator. The Liturgical Homilies of Narsai. London: CUP, 1909. Available on archive.org.

Contini, Riccardo. “L’orizzonte linguistico della Chiesa di Persia: considerazioni preliminari.” Pages 47-77 In Storia, cristologia e tradizioni della Chiesa Siro-orientale. Atti del 3 Incontro sull’Oriente Cristiano di tradizione siriaca. Edited by Emidio Vergani and S. Chialà, 47-77. Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 14 May 2004.

Cordier, Henri. “Le christianisme en Chine et en Asie centrale sous les Mongols.” T’oung Pao 18 (1917) 48-113.

Couling, Charlotte Eliza. The Luminous Religion: A Study of Nestorian Christianity in China. London: Carey Press, 1925.

Crone, Patricia, and Martin Hinds. God’s Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam. Cambridge: CUP, 1986. Accessed online 7.11.2018.

Cureton, William. Ancient Syriac Documents Relative to the Earliest Establishment of Christianity in Edessa and the Neighbouring Countries. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, 2004.  Accessed online 8.11.2018. 

Cutts, Edward Lewes. Christians under the Crescent in Asia. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1877. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

D

Dagron, Gilbert. “Chrześcijaństwo bizantyjskie od VII do połowy XI wieku. Kościół i państwo (połowa IX – koniec X wieku).” In Historia chrześcijaństwa. Religia – kultura – polityka, volume IV: Biskupi, mnisi i cesarze 610-1-54. Edited by J.-M. Mayer et al., 145-207. Warszawa, 1999.

Daiber, Hans. “Nestorians of 9th Century Iraq as a Source of Greek, Syriac and Arabic: A Survey of Some Unexploited Sources.” ARAM 3 (1991 [1993]): 45-52.

Dames, M.L. “Christian and Manichæn MSS. in Chinese Turkestan.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1907): 1055-1057.

Daniel, Emmett Randolph. The Franciscan Concept of Mission in the High Middle Ages. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1975.

Dauvillier, Jean. “L’expansion de l’Eglise syrienne en Asie Centrale et en Extrême Orient.” L’Orient Syrien, I (1956), 76-87.

Dauvillier, Jean. Histoire et Institutions des Églises Orientales au Moyen Âge. London: Variorum Reprints, 1983.

Dauvillier, Jean. “Les Provinces Chaldéennes ‘de l’Extérieur’ au Moyen Age.” In Mélanges offerts au R. P. Ferdinand Cavallera, 261-316. Toulouse: Bibliothèque de l’Institut Catholique, 1948.

Dawson, Christopher, editor. The Mongol Mission: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. London: Sheed and Ward 1955. Accessed online 9.11.2018.  Download PDF.

Debié, Muriel.  “Livres et monastères en Syrie-Mésopotamie d’après les sources syriaques.”  In Le Monachisme syriaque, edited by F. Jullien, 123-168. Études syriaques 7.  Paris: Geuthner, 2010. Available on academia.edu.

Debié, Muriel. “‘Marcher dans leurs traces’: les discours de l’hagiographie et de l’histoire.” In L’Hagiographie syriaque, edited by André Binggeli, 9-48. Etudes syriaques 9. Paris: Geuthner, 2012. Available on academia.edu.

de Bridia, C. “Historia Tatarów.” In Spotkanie dwóch światów. Stolica Apostolska a świat mongolski w połowie XIII wieku: Relacje powstałe w związku z misją Jana di Piano Carpiniego do Mongołów, edited by Jerzy Strzelczyk, 234-269. Poznań: ABOS, 1993.

Deeg, Max. Die Strahlende Lehre: Die Stele von Xi’an. Wien: Lit Verlag, 2018.

Deeg, Max. “The ‘Brilliant Teaching’: The Rise and Fall of ‘Nestorianism’ (Jingjiao) in Tang China. Japanese Religions, Vol. 31 (2006) 91-110. Accessed online 9.11.2018.

Delehaye, Hippolyte, editor. Les Versions grecques des actes des martyrs persans sous Sapor II. Patrologia Orientalis 2.4 [9]. Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1907. Accessed online 24.10.201

de Mauroy, Hubert. Les Assyro-Chaldeens dans l’Iran d’aujourd’hui. Paris: Université de Paris IV, Département de géographie, 1978.

de Mauroy, Hubert. “Lieux de culte, anciens et actuels, des églises ‘syriennes orientales’ dans le diocèse d’Ourmiah-Salmas en Iran (Azerbaïdjan occidental).” Parole de l’Orient 3:2 (1972): 313-351. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Dennett, Daniel C. Conversion and the Poll-Tax in Early Islam. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1950.

de Rachewiltz, Igor. Papal Envoys to the Great Khans. London: Faber & Faber, 1971.

de Rachewiltz, Igor. Prester John and Europe’s Discovery of East Asia. The Thirty-third George Ernest Morrison lecture in ethnology 1971. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1972. Accessed online 11.12.2018.

de Rachewiltz, Igor, translator. The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Leiden: Brill, 2004.
Accessed online 11.12.2018.

Déroche, Vincent. Entre Rome et l’Islam: Les chrétientés d’Orient 610-1054. Paris: SEDES, 1996.

Déroche, Vincent and Narmin Ali Amin. “La fouille de Bazyan (Kurdistan irakien): un monastère nestorien ?” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 363-380. Paris: Geuthner: 2013.

Desreumaux, Alain. “La collection des pierres tombales syro-orientales du Turkestan conservées à Paris et à Lyon.” In Le christianisme syriaque en Asie Centrale et en Chine. Edited by Pier Giorgio Borbone and Pierre Marsone, 237-256. Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015.

Desreumaux, Alain. “Les églises, leur architecture et leurs aménagements dans les inscriptions syriaques.” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 491-520. Paris: Geuthner: 2013.

Desreumaux, Alain. “Stèles syriaques nestoriennes.” In Recueil des inscriptions lapidaires ouest-sémitiques du musée des Beaux-Arts et du musée d’Histoire naturelle de Lyon.  Bulletin des Musées et Monuments Lyonnais, Vol. 2-3 (2000) 58-73.

de Villard, Ugo Monneret. Le Chiese della Mesopotamia. Roma: Edizioni Orientalia Christiana, 1940.

Dick, Ignace. Les Melkites. Turnhout: Brepols, 1994.

Dickens, Mark. “Biblical Fragments from the Christian Library of Turfan, an Eastern Outpost of the Antiochian Tradition.” In The School of Antioch: Biblical Theology and the Church in Syria. Edited by Vahan S. Hovhanessian, 19-40, 87-98. Bible in the Christian Orthodox Tradition 7. New York: Peter Lang, 2016.

Dickens, Mark. “The Church of the East: The Rest of the Story.” Fides et Historia 32:2 (2000): 107-125. Available on academia.edu

Dickens, Mark. “Le christianisme syriaque en Asie central et en Chine.” In Le christianisme syriaque en Asia central et en Chine. Edited by Pier Giorgio Borbone and Pierre Marsone. Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015. Downloaded 2.11.2018

Dickens, Mark. “The Importance of the Psalter at Turfan.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 357-380. (Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5.) Zürich/Münster: Lit Verlag, 2013. Accessed online 9.11.2018.

Dickens, Mark. Medieval Syriac Historians’ Perceptions of the Turks. M Phil Dissertation in Aramaic and Syriac Studies. Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Cambridge. Supervisor. August 2004. Available on academia.edu.

Dickens, Mark. “More Gravestones in Syriac Script from Tashkent, Panjikent and Ashgabat.” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 105-129. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016.

Dickens, Mark. “Multilingual Christian Manuscripts from Turfan.” Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies9 (2009): 22-42.

Dickens Mark. “Nestorian Christianity in Central Asia.” 2001. Available on academia.edu

Dickens, Mark. ”Nestorius Did Not Intend to Argue that Christ Had a Dual Nature, but that View Became Labeled Nestorianism (PRO).” In Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History’s Intriguing Questions. Edited by Steven Laurence Danver, 145-162. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2011. Accessed online 9.11.2018.

Dickens, Mark. ”Patriarch Timothy I and the Metropolitan of the Turks.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society III, 20:2 (2010): 117-139. Accessed online 9.11.2018.

Dickens, Mark. ”Scribal Practices in the Turfan Christian Community.” Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies 13 (2013) 3-28. Accessed online 9.11.2018.

Dickens, Mark. ”The Syriac Bible in Central Asia.” In The Christian Heritage of Iraq: Collected Papers from the Christianity of Iraq I-V Seminar Days. Edited by Erica C.D. Hunter, 92-120. Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies 13. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2009. Accessed online 9.11.2018.

Dickens, Mark. “Syriac Christianity in Central Asia.” In The Syriac World (Routledge Worlds), edited by Daniel King, 583-624. Abingdon: Routledge, 2019. Available on academia.edu.

Dickens, Mark. “Syriac Gravestones in the Tashkent History Museum.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 13-49. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009. Accessed online 9.11.2018. Available on academia.edu.

Dickens, Mark. “Syro-Uigurica II: Syriac Passages in U 338 from Turfan.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 16:2 (2013): 301-324. Accessed online 9.11.2018.

Dickens, Mark and Nicholas Sims-Williams. ”Christian Calendrical Fragments from Turfan.” In Living the Lunar Calendar. Edited by Jonathan Ben-Dov, et al., 269-296. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2012. Accessed online 9.11.2018.

Dickens, Mark and Peter Zieme. “Syro-Uigurica I: A Syriac Psalter in Uyghur Script from Turfan.” In Scripts Beyond Borders: A Survey of Allographic Traditions in the Euro-Mediterranean World. Edited by Johannes den Heijer, et al., 291-328. Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain 62. Louvain: Peeters, 2014. Available on academia.edu.

Dodge, Bayard. “The Settlement of the Assyrians on the Khabur.” Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society 27 (1940): 301-320. Accessed online 24.10.2018. 

Dorfmann-Lazarev, Igor. “Beyond Empire I: Eastern Christianities from the Persian to the Turkish Conquest, 604–1071.” In: The Cambridge History of Christianity: Early Medieval Christianities, c. 600-1100. Edited by. T. F. X. Noble and J. M. H. Smith, 65-85. Cambridge, MA: CUP, 2008.

Drake, F. S. “Nestorian Crosses and Nestorian Christians in China under the Mongols: A lecture delivered on December 11, 1961.” Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 2 (1962): 11-25. Available on JSTOR. PDF.

Dresden, Mark J. “Sogdian Language and Literature.” In The Cambridge History of Iran, III/2. Edited by Ehsan Yarshater, 1216-1229. Cambridge: CUP, 1983.

Drijvers, H. J. W. “The Testament of our Lord: Jacob of Edessa’s Response to Islam.” Aram Periodical 6 (1994): 104-114.

Duan, Qing. “Bericht über ein neuentdecktes syrisches Dokument aus Dunhuang.” Oriens Christianus 85 (2001): 84-93.

Ducellier, Alain. Chrétiens d’Orient et Islam au Moyen Âge VIIe-XVe siècle. Paris: Armand Colin, 1996.

Dzhumagulov, Chetin. “Die syrisch-türkischen (nestorianischen) Denkmäler in Kirgisien.” Mitteilungen des Instituts für Orientjorschung 14 (1968): 470-480.

Dzwonkowski, Roman. “Kościól katolicki obrządku łacińskiego w ZSRR po 1918 r. Zarys problematyki.” In Odrodzenie Kościoła katolickiego w byłym ZSRR: Studia historyczno- demograficzne, Edited by Edward Walewander, 81-99. Lublin: Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1993.

Dzwonkowski, Roman. Kościół Katolicki w ZSSR 1917-1939: Zarys historii. Lublin: TNKUL 1997.

Dzwonkowski, Roman. Losy duchowieństwa katolickiego w ZSSR 1917-1939: Martyrologium. Lublin: TNKUL, 1998.

Dzwonkowski, Roman. “Od walki z ‘opium dla ludu’ do jego akceptacji i apologii: Religia w ZSRR 1917-1991.” In W poszukiwaniu prawdy: Chrześcijańska Europa między wiarą a polityką vol. 1. Edited by Urszula Cierniak, 265-275. Częstochowa: Instytut Filologii Obcych Akademii im. Jana Dlugosz, 2010.

Dzwonkowski, Roman. “Represje władz sowieckich wobec duchowieństwa katolickiego obrządku łacińskiego w latach 1939-1987.” Przegląd Wschodni 7/1(25) (2000): 275-298.

Dżumagulov, Četin. “Die syrisch-türkischen (nestorianischen) Denkmäler in Kirgisien.” Mitteilungen des Instituts für Orientsforschung, vol. 14 (1968): 470-480.

E

Eccles, Lance and Samuel N.C. Lieu. “Inscriptions in Latin, Chinese, Uighur and Phagspa.” In Medieval Christian and Manichaean Remains from Quanzhou (Zayton). Edited by Samuel N.C. Lieu, et al, 129-149. Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum, Series Archaeologica et Iconographica 2. Turnhout: Brepols, 2012.

Edde, Anne-Marie, Françoise Micheau, and Christophe Picard. Communautés chrétiennes en pays d’Islam, du debut du VII siècle au milieu du XI siècle. Regards sur l’Histoire 118 (1997): 240.

Egami, Namio. The Mongol Empire and Christendom. Translated by Yasuko Fukuhara. Tokyo: San Paolo, 2000.

Egami, Namio. “On the Form and Decoration of Nestorian Tombstones discovered in East Asia.” In Transactions of the International Conference of Orientalists in Japan, vol. 11 (1966): 22-24.

Emhardt, William Chauncy and George M. Lamsa. The Oldest Christian People: A Brief Account of the History and Traditions of the Assyrian People. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013.

England, John C. “The Earliest Christian Writings in Asia: An Appreciation.” In Proceedings of the Research Group for Asian and Pacific Christianity and Cultures 1993-1994. Edited by Brett Knowles, 1-20. Centre for Contextual Theology, 1995.

England, John C. “Early Asian Christian Writings, 5th-12th Centuries: An Appreciation.” Asian Journal of Theology 11/1 (1997): 154-171.

England, John C. The Hidden History of Christianity in Asia: The Churches of the East before 1500. Delhi: ISPCK/Hong Kong: CCA, 1996.

England, John C. “Reclaiming our Christian History.” Inter-Religio 19 (1991): 21-36. Viewed online 26.03.2020 Available as “Chapter One: Reclaiming the Other Half of our Christian History” on academia.edu.

Enoki, Kazuo. “Nestorian Christianism in China in Medieval Time According to Recent Historical and Archaeological Researches.” In Atti del convegno internazionale sul tema L’oriente cristiano nella storia della civiltà : Roma 31 marzo-3 aprile 1963, Firenze 4 aprile 1963. Rome: Academia Nazionale dei Lincei (1964): 45-77.

Ephrem. Hymnen contra haereses. In Des Heiligen Ephraem des Syrers Hymnen contra haereses. Edited by Edmund Beck. (Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 169-170, Scriptores Syri, 76-77). Louvain: Imprimerie Orientaliste, 1957.

Erhart, Victoria L. “The Church of the East during the Period of the Four Rightly-Guided Caliphs.” Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 78 (1996) 55-71. Accessed online 16.11.2018.Ertl, Thomas 

Ertl, Thomas. “Repercussions from the Far East: A Comparison of the Catholic and Nestorian Presence in China.” The Journal of Transcultural Studies 2 (2015): 38-63. Accessed online 10.12.2018.

F

Farina, Margherita. “A Database of the Syriac and Syro-Turkic Inscriptions from Central Asia and China.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W Winkler, 67-82. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013.

Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. “The World the Mongols Made.”  Chapter 13 of The world: A History. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009. 411-441. Preview.

Ferré André. “Chrétiens de Syrie et de Mésopotamie au début de l’islam.” Islamochristiana 14 (1988): 72-102.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. Assyrie chrétienne: Contribution à l’étude de l’histoire et de la géographie ecclésiastiques et monastiques du Nord de l’Iraq, vol. II. Beyrouth: Librairie Orientale, 1965.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. “Chrétientés syriaques du Ḫorāsān et du Ségestān.” Le Muséon 86 (1973): 75-104.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. Chrétiens syriaques sous les Abbasides surtout à Bagdad (749-1258). Louvain: Secrétariat du Corpus SCO, 1980

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. Chrétiens syriaques sous les Mongols (Il-Khanat de Perse, XIIIe-XIVe s). Corpus scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 362. Louvain: Secrétariat du Corpus SCO, 1975.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. Jalons pour une histoire de l’Église en Iraq. Louvain: Secrétariat du Corpus SCO, 1970.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. “The Last Byzantine Campaign into Persia and Its Influence on the Attitude of the Local Populations Towards the Muslim Conquerors.” In Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the History of Bilad al-Sham during the Early Islamic Period up to 40 AH/640 AD, 96-103. Amman: University of Jordan and Yarmouk, 1987.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. “L’expansion de l’Église de Perse.” Istina 40 (1995): 149-157.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. “Le grand catholicos turco-mongol Yahwalaha III (1281–1317).” Proche-Orient Chrétien 38 (1988): 209-220.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. “Tagrît. Esquisse d’histoire chrétienne.” L’Orient Syrien 8 (1963): 289-342.

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. Le pèlerinagedesNestoriens et Jacobitesà Jérusalem. Cahiers de civilization medievale. X-XII siecles 12 (1969):113-126. Accessed online 7.05.2019

Fiey, Jean-Maurice. “Le sceau sassanide d’un catholicos melkite d’Asie central.” Proche-Orient Chrétien 45:1-2 (1995): 6-9.

Finney, Paul Corby. The Invisible God: The Earliest Christians on Art. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Foltz, Richard. Religions of the Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange from Antiquity to the Fifteenth Century. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1999.

Foltz, Richard. Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern Patterns of Globalization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Foster, John. The Church of the T’ang Dynasty. London: SPCK, 1939.

Forness, Philip Michael.  ‘A Brief Guide to Syriac Homilies – Version 3.’ Updated 4 March, 2016.  Available on academia.edu. PDF

Forsyth, John Harper. The Byzantine-Arab Chronicle (938-1034) of Yahya b. Sa’id al-Antaki. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Michigan, 1977.

Fortescue, Adrian. The Lesser Eastern Churches. London: Catholic Truth Society, 1913. Accessed online 16.11.2018.

Franck, Irene M., and David, M. Brownstone. The Silk Road: A History. New York: Facts on File Publications, 1986.

Franzmann, Majella. “Yangzhou and Quanzhou: Ongoing Research on Syro-Turkic Inscriptions.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W Winkler, 83-92. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013.

Frenschkowski, Marco. “Christianity.” In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Yuhan Sohrab-Dinshaw Vevaina, 457-475. Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.  

G

Gaborit, Justine and Gérard Thébault avec Abdurrahman Oruç . “L’église Mar-Yaʿqub de Nisibe.” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 289-330. Paris: Geuthner: 2013.

Gafurow, Bobodżan. Dzieje i kultura ludów Azji Centralnej: Prehistoria Starożytność Średniowiecze. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1978.

Gaibov, V.A. and G.A. Koshelenko. “Christian Archeological Monuments in Orient (1st Millenium CE).” Khristianskij Vostok 4 [10] (2006): 136-176.

Garamtseren, Bayarjargal. “Re-Establishment of the Christian Church in Mongolia: The Mongolian Standard Version Translation by National Christians.” In The New Testament: Gift to the Reformation, vol. 2, no. 2/October 2016, pp. 49–66. Available on academia.edu.

Gardner, Iain. “The Medieval Christian Remains from Zayton: A Select Catalogue.” In From Palmyra to Zayton: Epigraphy and Iconography. Edited by Iain Gardner, et al., 215-228. Silk Road Studies 10. Turnhout: Brepols, 2005.

Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. Narodziny islamu. Translated by Hanna Olędzka. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1988.

Gaudeul, Jean-Marie. Encounters and Clashes: Islam and Christianity in History. 2 vols. Rome: Pontificio Istituto di Studi Arabi e Islamic,1984.

Géhin, Paul. “Un cas insolite d’allographie: la litanie diaconale grecque en écriture syriaque sogdienne du ms. Leiden Oriental 14236.” Le Muséon 130:3-4 (2017): 279-299.

Gensichen, Hans Werner. “Asien, christliche Kirchen.” In Theologische Realenzyklopädie. Edited by Gerhard Krause and Gerhard Müller, 173-195. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1979.

Gero, Stephen. Barsauma of Nisibis and Persian Christianity in the Fifth Century. Louvain: Peeters Publishing, 1981.

Gero, Stephen. “Osterns Kyrka: kristendomen i Iran under senantik tid.” Religion och Bibel 38 (1979): 12-16.

Gervers, Michael and Ramzi J. Bikhazi, eds. Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands Eight to Eighteenth Centuries. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990.

Ghazarian Jacob, G.“Spread of Christianity Eastward.” Available on academia.edu.

Giamil, Samuel. Genuinae relationes inter Sedem apostolicam et Assyriorum orientalium seu Chaldaeorum Ecclesiam: nunc majori ex parte primum editae historicisque adnotationibus illustratae. Roma: E. Loescher, 1902.

Gibb H. A. R. “Arab-Byzantine Relations under the Umayyad Caliphate.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 12 (1958): 219-233. Available on JSTOR.

Gibb, H. A. R. The Arab Conquests in Central Asia. London, 1923.  Accessed online 16.11.2018.   PDF. 

Gibb, H. A. R. “Chinese Records of the Arabs in Central Asia.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 2 (1922): 613-22. Available on JSTOR.

Gibb, H.A.R., trans. Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1929. Accessed online 16.11.2018. 

Gillman, Ian and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit. “Christians in Central Asia.”  Chapter 9 in Christians in Asia before 1500.  Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 1999,  205-264. Downloadable online.

Girling, Kristian. “Jesuit contributions to the Iraqi education system in the 1930s and later.” International Studies in Catholic Education (8:2) 2016: 179-192. 

Goddard, Hugh. A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2001. Download PDF.

Godwin, R. Todd. Persian Christians at the Chinese Court: The Xi’an Stele and the Early Medieval Church of the East. London: I.B. Tauris, 2018.

Goës, Benedict.The Journey of Benedict Goës Overland from India to China. Excerpted from the English translation in Henry Yule and Henri Cordier, tr. and ed., Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Vol. IV (London, 1916), 198-254. Accessed online 27.10.2010.

Gomez, Felipe. “Two thousand years of the Church’s mission in Asia: waves of evangelization, holiness and martyrdom.” In Proclaiming Jesus Christ in Asia today: Congress of Asian Catholic Laity, August 31-September 5, 2010, Seoul, Korea. Città del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2011. Accessed online 11.16.2018.

Gould, Rebecca Ruth. “Wearing the Belt of Oppression: Khāqāni’s Christian Qasida and the Prison Poetry of Medieval Shirvān.” Journal of Persianate Studies 9 (2016): 19-44. Download PDF.

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der Christlichen Arabischen Literatur.  B.1. Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1944. Accessed online 7.05.2019.

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der Christlichen Arabischen Literatur. B. 2. Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1942. Accessed online 7.05.2019. 

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der Christlichen Arabischen Literatur. B. 3. Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1949. Accessed online 7.05.2019. 

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der Christlichen Arabischen Literatur. B. 4. Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1951. Accessed online 7.05.2019. 

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der Christlichen Arabischen Literatur. B. 5. Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1953. Accessed online 7.05.2019. 

Grant, Asahel. The Nestorians, or the Lost Tribes, Containing Evidence of Their Identity an account of their manners, customs, and ceremonies; together with sketches of travel in ancient Assyria, Armenia, Media, and Mesopotamia; and illustrations of Scripture prophecy. London: J. Murray, 1841. Accessed online 11.16.2018.

Grenet, Frantz. “Refocusing Central Asia: Inaugural Lecture delivered on Thursday 7 November 2013.” Paris: Collège de France, 2016 . Accessed online, 30.12.2020 <>

Griffith, Sidney H. “Byzantium and the Christians in the World of Islam: Constantinople and the Church in the Holy Land in the Ninth Century.” Medieval Encounters 3 (1997): 231-265.

Griffith, Sidney H. “The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam.” Institute of Christian Oriental Research: Catholic University of America. 2007. Download.

Griffith, Sidney H. The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.

Griffith, Sidney H. “The Syriac Letters of Patriarch Timothy I and the Birth of Christian Kalām in the Mu’talzilite Milieu of Baghdad and Basrah in Early Islamic Times.” In Syriac Polemics: Studies in Honour of Gerrit Jan Reinink. Edited by Wout Jac van Bekkum, et al., 103-132. Louvain: Peeters, 2007.

Griffith, Sidney. “Syrian Christian Intellectuals in the World of Islam: Faith, the Philosophical Life, and the Quest for an Interreligious Convivencia in Abbasid Times.” In Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies 7 (2007): 55-73. PDF.

Grousset, René. The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Translated by Naomi Walford. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1970. Available on academia.edu.

Guillaumont, Antoine. “The Importance of Syriac Culture for the Christian World.” Christian Orient 6:2 (1985): 56-63.

Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna. Mani’s Pictures: The Didactic Images of the Manichaeans from Sasanian Mesopotamia to Uygur Central Asia and Tang-Ming China. Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies 90. Leiden / Boston: Brill, 2015.

Gutas, Dimitri. Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early ʿAbbāsid Society (2nd–4th/8th–10th Centuries). London and New York: Routledge, 1998. PDF

Gyselen, Rika. “Les témoignages sigillographiques sur la présence chrétienne dans l’empire sassanide.” In Chrétiens en terre d’Iran: Implantation et acculturation. Edited by Rika Gyselen, 17-78. Cahiers de Studia Iranica 33, Chrétiens en terre d’Iran 1. Paris: Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes, 2006

H

Hage, Wolfgang. “Crosses with Epigraphs in Medieval Central and East Asian Christianity.” The Harp 8-9 (1995-1996): 375-382.

Hage, Wolfgang. “Das Christentum in der Turfan-Oase. Zur Begegnung der Religionen in Zentralasien.” In Synkretismus in den Religionen Zentralasiens. Ergebnisse eines Kolloquiums vom 24.5 bis 26.5.1983 in St. Augustin bei Bonn, edited by Walther Heissig and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, 46-57. Studies in Oriental Religions 13. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1987.

Hage, Wolfgang. “Das orientalische Christentum in Asien bis zum 14. Jh.” and “Das römisch-katholische Christentum im Machtbereich der Mongolen (13.-14.Jh.).” In Atlas zur Kirchengeschichte: die christlichen Kirchen in Geschichte und Gegenwart, edited by Hubert Jedin, et al., 27, 63. Freiburg: Herder, 1970.

Hage, Wolfgang. “Das orientalische Christentum in Asien bis zum 14. Jh.” and “Das römisch-katholische Christentum im Machtbereich der Mongolen (13.-14.Jh.).”  In Atlas zur Kirchengeschichte: die christlichen Kirchen in Geschichte und Gegenwart, edited by Hubert Jedin, et al., 27, 63. Freiburg: Herder, 1970.

Hage, Wolfgang. “Der Weg nach Asien: Die ostsyrische Missionskirche.” In Die Kirche des früheren Mittelalters. Edited by Knut Schäferdiek, 360-393. Kirchengeschichte als Missionsgeschichte 2.1. München: Kaiser, 1978.

Hage, Wolfgang. “Die Mongolen im orientalischen Christentum: Ein Beispiel für Sinn und Zweck einer den eigenen Horizont sprengenden Perspektive.” In Christsein in der islamischen Welt: Festschrift für Martin Tamcke zum 60. Geburtstag, edited by Sidney Harrison Griffith, and Sven Grebenstein, 323-329. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015.

Hage, Wolfgang. Die syrisch-jakobitische Kirche in frühislamischer Zeit. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1966.

Hage, Wolfgang. “Early Christianity in Mesopotamia: Some Remarks Concerning the Authenticity of the Chronicle of Arbela.” The Harp 1, 2–3 (1988): 39-46.

Hage, Wolfgang. “Einheimische Volkssprachen und syrische Kirchensprache inder nestorianischen Asienmission.” In Erkenntnisse und Meinungen II: Göttinger Orientforschungen I. Reihe: Syriaca, Vol. 17, edited by Gernot Wießner. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1978.

Hage, Wolfgang. “Kulturelle Kontakte des ostsyrischen Christentums in Zentralasien.” In III Symposium Syriacum 1980: Les contacts du monde syriaque avec les autres cultures (Goslar 7-11 septembre 1980), edited by René Lavenant, 143-159. Pontificium Institutum Studiorum Orientalium, Roma 1983 (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 221).

Hage, Wolfgang. Syriac Christianity in the East. Mōrān ’Eth’ō 1. Kottayam: St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute, 1988.

Halbertsma, Tijalling. Early Christian Remains: Discovery, Reconstruction, and Appropriation. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008.

Halbertsma, Tjalling. “Nestorian Remains of Inner Mongolia: Discovery, Reconstruction and Appropriation.” Ph.D. dissertation. Universiteit Leiden, 2007. Accessed online 24.10.2018. 

Halbertsma, Tjalling. “Some Field Notes and Images of Stone Sculptures Found at Nestorian Sites in Inner Mongolia.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 51-69. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Halbertsma, Tjalling. “Some Notes on Past and Present Field Research on Gravestones and Related Stone Material of the Church of the East in Inner Mongolia, China.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L.Hofrichter, 303-319. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Haldon, John, and Lawrence I. Conrad, editors. The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East: Elites Old and New. Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam 6. Princeton: Darwin Press, 2004.

Halleux, André de. “Vingt ans d’étude critique des églises syriaques.” In The Christian East: Its Institutions and Its Thought; A Critical Reflection, edited by R.F. Taft, 145-179. (Orientalia Christiana Analecta, 251. ) Rome: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1996.

Hambis, Louis. “Deux noms chrétiens chez les Tatar au XIe siècle.” Journal Asiatique Vol. 241 (1953): 473-475.

Hamilton, James and Niu Ruji. “Deux Inscriptions Funéraires Turques Nestoriennes de la Chine Orientale.” Journal Asiatique Vol. 282. (1994): 147-164.

Hamilton, John. “Le texte turc en caractères syriaques du grand sceau cruciforme de Mar Yahballaha III.” Journal asiatique 260 (1972): 155-170.

Hansen, Olaf. Berliner soghdische Texte I. Bruchstücke einer soghdischen Version der Georgspassion (C1). Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1941. Philosophisch-historische Klasse, Nr. 10. Berlin : Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften: In Kommission bei Walter de Gruyter u. Co, 1941.

Hansen, Olaf, Berliner soghdische Texte II. Bruchstücke der großen Sammelhandschrift C2. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz, Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Jahrg. 1954, Nr 15. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1955.

Hansen, Olaf. “Die Buddhistische und Christliche Literatur.” In Literatur, Lieferung 1. Edited by Ilya Gershevitch, et al., 77-99. Handbuch der Orientalistik, Erste Abteilung: Nahe und der Mittlere Osten, Band 4: Iranistik, Abschnitt 2. Leiden/Köln: E.J. Brill, 1968.

Hansen, Olaf. “Die christliche Literatur der Sogdier.” In Handbuch der Orientalistik, edited by B. Spuler, 91-99. Leiden & Köln: Brill, 1968.

Hansen, Olaf. “Die christliche Literatur der Sogdier: eine Übersicht.” In Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz. Jahrbuch 1951. Wiesbaden: Steiner (1951) 296-302.

Hansen, Olaf. “Der Anteil der Iranier an der Ausbreitung des Christentums nach Zentralasien.” In XVII. Deutscher Orientalistentag vom 21. bis 27. Juli 1968 in Würzburg: Vorträge. Teil 3. Edited by Wolfgang Voigt, 1032-1035. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Supplement 1.3. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1969.

Hansen, Olaf. “Über die verschiedenen Quellen der christlichen Literatur der Sogder.” In Iranian Studies Presented to Kaj Barr on his Seventieth Birthday June 26, 1966. Edited by Jes P. Asmussen and Jørgen Læssøe, 95-102. Acta Orientalia 30. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1966.

Harrak, Amir and Ruji Niu. “The Uighur Inscription at the Mausoleum of Mar Behnam, Iraq.” Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies 4 (2004): 66-72.

Harvey, Susan Ashbrook. “Liturgy and Ethics in Ancient Syriac Christianity: Two Paradigms.” Studies in Christian Ethics 26/3 (2013): 300-316. Available on academia.edu.

Hauser, Stefan R. “Christliche Archäologie im Sasanidenreich. Grundlagen der Interpretation und Bestandsaufnahme der Evidenz.” In Inkulturation des Christentums im Sasanidenreich. Edited by Arafa Mustafa, et al., 93-136. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert, 2007.

Haussig, Hans Wilhelm. Die Geschichte Zentralasiens und der Seidenstrasse in vorislamischer Zeit. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1983.

Haussig, Hans Wilhelm. “La missione cristiana nell’Asia centrale e orientale nei secoli VI e VII e le sue tracce archeologiche e letterarie.” In XXVI Corso di cultura sull’arte ravennate e bizantina. Ravenna, 6–18 maggio 1979, 171-195. Ravenna: Girasole, 1979.

Hautala, Roman. “Catholic Missions in the Golden Horde Territory.” In From Pax Mongolica to Pax Ottomanica: War, Religion and Trade in the Northwestern Black Sea Region (14th-16th Centuries). East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450, volume 58, edited by Ovidiu Cristea and Silviu Pilat, 39-65. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2020.

Hautala, Roman. “Comparing Eastern and Missionary Sources on the Golden Horde’s History.” Golden Horde Review 2/7 (2019): 208–224. Available on academia.edu. PDF

Hautala, Roman. “The Franciscan Letters from the Golden Horde: Evidence of the Latin Sources against the Thesis of the Total Nomadic Islamization in the Early Reign of Uzbek Khan (1312/13–1341).” Golden Horde Review/ Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie 7 (2014): 311-323. Available on academia.edu.

Hautala, Roman. “Latin Sources on the Missionary Activity of the Franciscans in the Golden Horde in the Reign of Khan Uzbek (1313–1341).” Turkological Studies 2/1 (2019): 13-35. Available on academia.edu.

Hautala, Roman. “Latin Sources on the Religious Situation in the Golden Horde in the Early Reign of Uzbek Khan.” Golden Horde Review 4/2 (2016): 336-345. View abstract

Hautala, Roman. “Russian Chronicles on the Religious Policy of Uzbek Khan (1313-1341) and His Relations with the Principalities of the North-Eastern Rus’.” In Crusaders, Missionaries and Eurasian Nomads in the 13th-14th Centuries: A Century of Interactions. Edited by Victor Spinei, 544-477. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2017. Available on academia.edu

Hautala, Roman. “Western Missionaries and Merchants: An Example of Cooperation Within the Framework of the Mongol Empire.” Turkological Studies (Tjurkologicheskie issledovanija) 4/1 (2018): 42-66. Available on academia.edu

Hautala, Roman. “Yarlyk of Uzbek Khan given to the Franciscans of the Golden Horde in 1314: The Latin Text, Russian Translation, and Commentary” (in Russian). Golden Horde Review 3/5 (2014): 31-48. Available on academia.edu.

Hauziński, Jerzy. Burzliwe dzieje kalifatu bagdadzkiego. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 2016.

Hayati, Said.  Mar Aba I: Historical Context and Biographical Reconstruction. MA Thesis. Faculty of Catholic Theology, University of Salzburg, 2018. Available on academia.edu.

Heal, Kristian. The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and Related Resources  (2013.7.12).   (Addendum to Hugoye review. Updated with cross-references to Patrologia Syriaca, the Encyclopedia of the Early Church, and the Encyclopedia of Early Christianity) Academia.edu 7.05.2019.

Heal, Kristian. “The Magi in the Syriac Tradition: A Critical Bibliography of Sources and Studies.” Academia.edu 7.05.2019.

Heffening, Wilhelm and Curt Peters. “Spuren des Diatessarons in liturgischer Überlieferung. Ein türkischer und ein karšūnī-Text.” Oriens Christianus III, 10 [32] (1935): 225-238.

Heil, Michael J. “The Multi-cultural and Multi-religious Environment of the Nestorian Church Assisted in its Survival and Subsistence under other Governing and Religious Authorities.” Wheaton College, Illinois. No date. Available on academia.edu.

Heimgartner, Martin. “The Letters of the East Syrian Patriarch Timothy I.” In Exegetical Crossroads: Understanding Scripture in Judaism, Christianity and Islam in the Pre-Modern Orient. Edited by Georges Tamer, et.al., 47-59. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018.

Heinz, Andreas. Feste und Feiern im Kirchenjahr nach dem Ritus der Syrisch-Orthodoxen Kirche von Antiochien (M’ad’dono). Trier: Paulinus, 1998.

Heissig, Walther. The Religions of Mongolia. Translated by Geoffrey Samuel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.

Heissig, Walther, and Hans J. Klimkeit, editors.  Synkretismus in den Religionen Zentralasiens: Ergebnisse eines Kolloquiums vom 24.5. bis 26.5. 1983 in St. Augustin bei Bonn. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1987.

Heller, J. E. Das nestorianische Denkmal von Singan Fu. Analecta Gorgiana 634. Piscataway NJ: Gorgias Press, 2012.

Hellot-Bellier, Florence. “Églises de l’Azerbaïdjan iranien et du Hakkari.” In Les églises en monde syriaques. Edited by Françoise Briquel-Chatonnet, 421-440. Études syriaques 10. Paris: Geuthner, 2013.

Hendricks, Olaf. “L’activité apostolique du monachisme monophysite et nestorien.” Proche-Orient Chrétien 10 (1960): 3-25, 97-113.

Herman, Geoffrey. “The Last Years of Yazdgird I and the Christians.” In Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians: Religious Dynamics in a Sasanian Context. Edited by Geoffrey Herman, 77-100. Judaism in Context 17. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2014. Available on academia.edu, 7.05.2019.

Herrmann, Georgina. “Early and Medieval Merv: A Tale of Three Cities.” Albert Reckitt Archaeological Lecture. Proceedings of the British Academy, 94: 1-43.  PDF

Hickley, Dennis. The First Christians in China: An Outline History and Some Considerations concerning the Nestorians in China during the Tang Dynasty. London: China Study Project, 1980.

Higgins, Martin J. “Aphraates’ Dates for Persian Persecution.” Byzantinische Zeitschrift Vol. 44 (Munich, 1951), 265-71.

Higgins, Martin J. “Chronology of the Fourth-Century Metropolitans of Seleucia-Ctesiphon.” Traditio Vol. 9 (1953), 45-99. Available on JSTOR.

Higgins, Martin J. “Date of Martyrdom of Simeon Bar Sabbae.” Traditio Vol. 11 (1955), 1-35. Available on JSTOR.

Hilgenfeld, Heinrich. Textkritische Bemerkungen zur Taš‘itā de-Mār Yahballāhā Paṭriarkā wad-Rabbān Ṣawmā. Leipzig: W. Drugulin, 1894.

Hill, Henry. “The Assyrians: The Church of the East.” In Light from the East: A Symposium on the Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Churches, edited by Henry Hill, 100-131. Toronto: Anglican Book Centre, 1988.

Hirth, Friedrich. East Asian History Sourcebook: “Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. – 1643 C.E.”  In China and the Roman Orient: Researches into their Ancient and Mediaeval Relations as Represented in Old Chinese Records. Shanghai & Hong Kong, 1885, 35-96. Viewed online 27.10.2021.

Hitti, Philip Khuri. Dzieje Arabów. Translated by Wojciech Dembski, Maria Skuratowicz and Edward Szymański. Warszawa: PWN, 1969.

Hlaváček, Petr. “Bohemian Franciscans Between Orthodoxy and Nonconformity at the Turn of the Middle Ages.” The Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice, Vol. 5. Part 1 (2002), 167-189. Accessed online 24.11.2018.

Holme, Henry. The Oldest Christian Church, Supplying the Missing Link of Centuries. A Historic Revelation from the Assyrian Mountains of Adiabene, the Gozan of Scripture. London: Marshall Brothers, 1897.

Holth, Sverre. “The encounter between Christianity and Chinese Buddhism during the Nestorian period.”  Ching Feng 11:3 (1968): 20-29.

Hookham, Hilda. Tamburlaine the Conqueror. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1962.

Horn, Cornelia B. and Erica C.D. Hunter. “Christianity in the Late Antique Near East.” In A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Edited by Daniel T. Potts, 1095-1112. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Horne, Charles F., editor.  East Asian History Sourcebook: “Ch’ing-Tsing: Nestorian Tablet: Eulogizing the Propagation of the Illustrious Religion in China, with a Preface, composed by a priest of the Syriac Church, 781 A.D.  In The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East. New York: Parke, Austin, & Lipscomb, 1917. Vol. XII, Medieval China, 381-392. Viewed online 27.10.2021.

Horstmann, Lara Yasmin. “Yazdgard I’s alleged persecution of Christians in his last year of reign: Reaction to ‘A Second Constantine? The Sasanian King Yazdgard in Christian History and Historiography’ by Scott McDonough.” Academia.edu 7.05.2019.

Houston, G.W. “An Overview of Nestorians in Inner Asia.” Central Asiatic Journal 24 (1980): 60-68.

Howorth, H. H. The History of the Mongols from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century. 5 vols. London, 1876-1927.  Part II, division 1: The so-called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia. Accessed online 24.11.2018.  Part III: The Mongols of Persia.  Accessed online 24.11.2018.

Hoyland, Robert G. Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam. Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, 13. Princeton: Darwin Press, 1997. PDF.

Hunter, Erica C. D.  Christian heritage of Iraq: Collected Papers from the Christianity in Iraq Seminar Days, 2004-2008. Piscataway, NJ : Gorgias Press, 2009.

Hunter, Erica C.D. “The Church of the East in Central Asia.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 78:3 (1996): 129-142. Viewed online 27.10.2021.

Hunter, Erica C.D. “The Conversion of the Kerait to Christianity in A.D. 1007.” Zentralasiatische Studien 22 (1989-1991): 142-163.

Hunter, Erica C.D. “Converting the Turkic Tribes.” In Walls and Frontiers in Inner-Asian History: Proceedings from the Fourth Conference of the Australasian Society for Inner Asian Studies, Macquarie University, November 18-19, 2000. Edited by Craig Benjamin and Samuel N.C.Lieu, 183-195. Silk Road Studies 6. Turnhout: Brepols/NSW, Australia: Ancient History Documentary Research Centre Macquarie University, 2002.

Hunter, Erica C.D. “Syriac Christianity in Central Asia.” Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 44 (1992): 362-368.

Hunter, Erica C.D., and James Farwell Coakley. A Syriac Service-Book from Turfan: Museum für asiatische Kunst, Berlin MIK III 45. Berliner Turfantexte 39. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.

Hunter Erica C.D. “Syriac, Sogdian and Old Uyghur Manuscripts from Bulayïq.” Department for the Study of Religions, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. Accessed online 24.10. 2018. 

Husseini, Sara Leila. Early Christian Explanations of the Trinity in Arabic in the Context of Muslim Theology.  Ph.D. Thesis. University of Birmingham, 2011.  PDF

Hussey, J. M. The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire. Reprint. Oxford: OUP 2010.

Hutter, Manfred. “Shirin, Nestorianer und Monophysiten. Königliche Kirchenpolitik in späten Sasanidenreich.” In Symposium Syriacum VII: Uppsala University, Department of Asian and African Languages, 11–14 August 1996. Edited by René Lavenant, 373-386. Orientalia Christiana Analecta 256. Roma: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1998.

I

Ibn Battuta. Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354. Translated and selected by H. A. R. Gibb. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1929. Accessed online 24.11.2018.

Immerzeel, Mat, Karel C. Innemée and M. Mommers. “Syrian Icons and Wall-Paintings.” Essays on Christian Art and Culture in the Middle East 1 (1998): 56-72.

Isho’dad of Merv. The Commentaries of Isho’dad of Merve, Bishop of Hadatha in Syriac and English. Volume 1. Edited and translated by Margaret Dunlop Gibson. Cambridge: CUP, 1911. Archive.org. Volume II: Matthew and Mark in Syriac. Volume III: Luke and John in Syriac.

Izdebski, Adam. “Kanony Szkoły w Nisibis. Wprowadzenie.” In U schyłku starożytności: Studia źródłoznawcze 13 (2014): 101-114. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa, 2014. PDF.

Izdebski, Adam. “Kanony Szkoły w Nisibis. Przekład.” In U schyłku starożytności: Studia źródłoznawcze 13 (2014): 115-132. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa, 2014. PDF.

Izdebski, Adam. “The School of Niseis: An Ancient Religious Community?” Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 2 (2010): 67-72. Accessed online 22.01.2020.

Izdebski, Adam. Syriackie źródła normatywne okresu późnej starożytności. Wprowadzenie. In U schyłku starożytności: Studia źródłoznawcze 15 (2016): 145-164. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa, Warszawa 2016. PDF.

J

Jackson, Peter. “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire.” Central Asiatic Journal 22:3/4 (1978): 186-244.

Jackson, Peter, translator. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Great Khan Möngke 1253-1255. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2016.

Jackson, Peter. The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2018.

Jagiełło Ewa A. Polacy w Uzbekistanie: Tożsamość odległej diaspory. Łódź: Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze, 2006.

Jakob, Joachim. Judaism and Zoroastrianism in the Apologetic Treatise of Nonnus of Nisibis. Paper presented at the International Medieval Congress 2017, University of Leeds, 3-6 July 2017, Session 1027: Chrstianity in the Islamic World, I: Perceptions of Muslims and Others, 5 July 2017.  Available on academia.edu.

Jakob, Joachim. Die “Nestorianer” aus spätmittelalterlich-okzidentaler Perspektive. Eine Analyse der Darstellung der ostsyrischen Christen Zentral- und Ostasiens in Augenzeugenberichten von europäischen Reisenden des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts. MTh thesis. University of Salzburg, 2011. Available on academia.edu.

Jakob, Joachim. Ostsyrische Christen und Kurden im Osmanischen Reich des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. Orientalia – Patristica – Oecumenica 7. Berlin: LIT, 2014.

Jakob, Joachim. “Syrische Christen und ihre frühen Reaktionen auf die Herausforderung des Islam.” In Syrische Studien: Beiträge zum 8. Deutschen Syrologie-Symposion in Salzburg 2014, hrsg. von Dietmar W. Winkler, 157–180. Orientalia – Patristica – Oecumenica 10. Berlin: LIT, 2016.

Jalakh, Michel, OAM. Ecclesiological identity of the Eastern Catholic Churches: Orientalium ecclesiarum 30 and beyond. Roma: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 2014.

Janin, Raymond. Les eglises orientales et les rites orientaux. Paris: Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1922. Accessed online 26.11.2018.

Janos, Damien, editor. Ideas in Motion in Baghdad and Beyond: Philosophical and Theological Exchanges Between Christians and Muslims in the Third/Ninth and Fourth/Tenth Centuries. Islamic History and Civilization (Book 124). Lieden: Brill, 2015.

Janowski, P. “Nestoriański Kościół.” Encyklopedia Katolicka tom XIII, 947-951.

Jenkins, John Philip. The Lost History of Christianity. The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia — and How It Died. HarperCollins e-books, 2008. Accessed online 26.11.2018.

Jensen, Robin Margaret. Understanding Early Christian Art. Routledge: London and New York, 2000. PDF.

Johannes, Pera. “Kirchliche und bürgerliche Sitten der Nestorianer in Persien.” In Zu Geschichte, Theologie, Liturgie und Gegenwartslage der syrischen Kirchen. Ausgewählte Vorträge des deutschen Syrologen-Symposiums vom 2.-4. Oktober 1998 in Hermannsburg. Edited by Martin Tamcke and Andreas Heinz, 266-273. Studien zur orientalischen Kirchengeschichte 9. Münster/Hamburg/London: LIT, 2000.

Johnson, Dale A. Lost Churches on the Silk Road. USA: New Sinai Press, 2013.

Johnson, Dale A. “Syriac Crosses in Central and Southwest China.” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang, and Dietmar W. Winkler, 41-62. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016.

Johnson, Norman Scott. Franciscan passions: Missions to the Muslims, desire for martyrdom and institutional identity in the later Middle Ages. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Chicago, 2010.

Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald. “Introduction: The Social Presence of Greek in Eastern Christianity, 200–1200 C.E.” In Languages and Cultures of Eastern Christianity: Greek. Edited by Scott F. Johnson, 1–122. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2014. Accessed online 7.05.2019.

Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald. “The Languages of Christianity on the Silk Roads and the Transmission of Mediterranean Culture into Central Asia.” In Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity. Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250-750, edited by Nicola Di Cosmo and Michael Maas, 206-219. Cambridge: CUP, 2018. Accessed online 14.12.2018.

Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald. “Silk Road Christians and the Translation of Culture in Tang China.” Studies in Church History 53 (2017) 15-38. PDF

Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald. “The Westwardness of Things: Literary Geography and the Church of the East.” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W.Winkler, 183-202. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016.

Jones, Bayard H. “The History of the Nestorian Liturgies.” Anglican Theological Review 46 (1964), 155-76.

Joseph, John L. The Nestorians and Their Muslim Neighbours. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1961.

Joseph, Ken. “Amazing Discovery in China Changes Christian History in Asia.”  Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Josephson, Judith. “The Pahlavi Psalter as a Translation.” In Studia Philologica Iranica: Gherardo Gnoli Memorial Volume. Edited by Enrico Morano, et al., 187-198. Serie Orientale Roma, Nuova Serie 5. Roma: Scienze e Lettere, 2017.

Jotischky, Andrew. “The Mendicants as missionaries and travellers in the Near East in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.” In Eastward Bound. Travel and Travellers, 1050-1550, edited by Rosamund Allen, 88-106. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2004.

Jullien, Christelle. “Contribution des Actes des Martyrs perses à la géographie historique et à l’administration de l’empire sassanide (II).” In Des Indo-Grecs aux Sassanides: données pour l’histoire et la géographie historique. Edited by Rika Gyselen, 81-102. Res Orientales 17. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, 2007.

Jullien, Christelle. “La révolte des chrétiens au Hūzestān (551): modèles narratifs d’une historiographie.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute NS 25 (2011 [2015]): 107-120.

Jullien, Christelle. “Les chrétiens déportés dans l’empire sassanide sous Šābūr Ier. À propos d’un récent article.” Studia Iranica 40:2 (2011): 285-293.

Jullien, Florence. “La chronique du Ḥūzistān. Une page d’histoire sassanide.” In Trésors d’Orient. Mélanges offerts à Rika Gyselen. Edited by Philippe Gignoux, et al., 159-186. Cahiers de Studia Iranica 42. Paris: Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes, 2010.

Jullien, Florence. “Parcours à travers l’Histoire d’Išo‘sabran, martyr sous Khosrau II.” In Contributions à l’histoire et la géographie historique de l’empire sassanide. Edited by Rika.Gyselen, 171-183. Res Orientales 16. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, 2004.

K

Kaegi, Walter E. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests. Cambridge: CUP, 1992.

Kaim, Barbara and Maja Kornacka. “Religious Landscape of the Ancient Merv Oasis.” Iran 54:2 (2016): 47-72.

Kałużyński, Stanisław, compiler. Tajna historia Mongołów. Anonimowa kronika mongolska z XIII w. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1970.

Kaufhold, Hubert. “Sources of Canon Law in the Eastern Churches.” In The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500. Edited by W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, 215-342. Washington DC: Catholic University of American Press, 2012.

Kawa, Stanisław. “Kanoniczny status misji sui iuris na przykładzie misji w Uzbekistanie.” Kościół i Prawo 14:1 (2012): 137-152. Accessed online 26.11.2018. PDF

Kawa, Stanisław. Status i struktura Kościoła katolickiego w Uzbekistanie. Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2014.

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusade and Mission: European Approaches toward the Muslims. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Kedar, Benjamin Z. “The Multilateral Disputation at the Court of the Grand Qan Mngke, 1254.” In The Majlis: Interreligious Encounters in Medieval Islam. Edited by Hava Lazarus-Yafeh, et al., 162-183. Studies in Arabic Language and Literature 4. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1999.

Kennedy, Hugh. “The Melkite Church from the Islamic Conquest to the Crusades: Continuity and adaptation in the Byzantine legacy.” In The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East. By Hugh Kennedy, 325-343. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.

Kessel, Grigory M. “Manuscript Collection of the Syrian Orthodox Church Meryemana in Diyarbakır: A Preliminary Survey.” In Manuscripta Syriaca. Des sources de première main. Edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet and M. Debié, 79–123. Cahiers d’études syriaques 4. Paris: Geuthner, 2015. Available on academia.edu.

Keser-Kayaalp, Elif. “Églises et monastères du Ṭur ʿAbdin : les débuts d’une architecture « syriaque ».” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 269-288. Paris: Geuthner: 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Kessel, Grigory M., and Nicholas Sims-Williams. “The Profitable Counsels of Šem‘ōn d-Ṭaibūtēh: The Syriac Original and its Sogdian Version.” Le Muséon 124:3-4 (2011): 279-302.

Kettenhofen, Erich. “Die Chronik von Arbela in der Sicht der Althistorie.” In Simblos: Scritti di Storia Antica 1. Edited by Lucia Criscuolo, et al., 287-319. Bologna: Clueb, 1995.

Khanbagi, Aptin. Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran. nternational Library of Iranian Studies (Book 5). London: I.B. Tauris, 2006.

Khayyath, Georgio Ebedjesu. Syri Orientales, seu Chaldaei, Nestoriani et Romanorum Pontificum primates: Commentatio Historico-philologico-theologica adjectis textibus citationum genuina lingua propriisque litteris exaratis. Romae: Congregationis de Propaganda Fide, 1870. Accessed online 8.05.2019.

Khazanov, Anatoly. “The Spread of World Religions in Medieval Nomadic Societies of the Eurasian Steppes.” In Nomadic Diplomacy, Destruction and Religion from the Pacific to the Adriatic: Papers prepared for the Central and Inner Asian Seminar, University of Toronto, 1992-93. Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia 1. Edited by Michael Gervers and Wayne Schlepp, 11-33. Toronto: Joint Center for Asia Pacific Studies, 1994. Available on academia.edu.

Khoury, Adel-Théodore. Der theologische Streit der Byzantiner mit dem Islam. Paderborn: Schoeningh,1969.

Khoury, Widad and Bertrand Riba. “Appendice : l’église du tell de Ḥassaké.” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 85-106. Paris: Geuthner: 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Khoury, Widad and Bertrand Riba. “Les églises de Syrie (IVe-VIIe siècle): essai de synthèse.” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 41-84. Paris: Geuthner: 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Khoury, Widad and Bertrand Riba. “Peut-on discerner des modèles reliés à des communautés ecclésiales ou linguistiques en Syrie du Nord ? (IVe-Xe siècles).” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 107-130. Paris: Geuthner: 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Kidd, Beresford James. The Churches of Eastern Christendom from A.D. 451 to the Present. London: The Faith Press, 1927.

Kidd, B.J. History of the Church to C.E. 461. Oxford: Clarendon Press: 1922. Viewed online 26.03.2020: Volume 1: to AD 313; Volume 2: 313-408; Volume 3: 408-461.

Kiraz, George Anton, editor.   Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute. Viewed online 20.01.2020.

Klein, Wassilios. “A Christian Heritage on the Northern Silk Road: Archaeological and Epigraphic Evidence of Christianity in Kyrgyzstan.” Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies 1 (2001): 85-100.

Klein, Wassilios. “Christliche Reliefgrabsteine des 14. Jahrhunderts von der Seidenstraße. Ergänzungen zu einer alttürkischen und zwei syrischen Inschriften sowie eine bildliche Darstellung.” In VI Symposium Syriacum, 1992: University of Cambridge, Faculty of Divinity, 30 August – 2 September 1992. Eedited by René Lavenant, 419-442. Orientalia Christiana Analecta 247. Roma: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1994.

Klein, Wassilios. Das nestorianische Christentum an den Handelswegen durch Kyrgyzstan bis zum 14. Jh. Silk Road Studies 3. Turnhout: Brepols, 2000.

Klein, Wassilios. “Nestorianische Inschriften in Kirgizistan: Ein Situationsbericht.” In Symposium Syriacum VII: Uppsala University, Department of Asian and African Languages, 11–14 August 1996. Edited by René Lavenant, 661-669. Orientalia Christiana Analecta 256. Roma: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1998.

Klein, Wassilios. “A Newly Excavated Church of Syriac Christianity along the Silk Road in Kyrghyzstan.” Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 56:1-4 (2004): 25-47.

Klein, Wassilios. “Syriac Inscriptions from Tokmak and Biškek, Kirghizstan.” In The Christian Heritage of Iraq: Collected Papers from the Christianity of Iraq I-V Seminar Days. Edited by Erica C.D.Hunter, 136-145. Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies 13. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2009.

Klein, Wassilios. “Syriac Writings and Turkic Language according to Central Asian Tombstone Inscriptions.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 5:2 (2002). Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Klein, Wassilios and Christiane Reck. “Ein Kreuz mit sogdischer Inschrift aus Ak-Bešim/Kyrgyzstan.” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 154 (2004): 147-156. Available on academia.edu.

Klein, Wassilios and Philipp G. Rott. “Einige problematische Funde von der Seidenstrasse: Novopokrovka IV und V, Issyk-Kul’-Gebiet, Chotan.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L.Hofrichter, 403-424. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Klein, Wassilios and Kuvatbek Tabaldiev. “Zwei neu gefundene syrische Grabsteine aus Kyrgyzstan.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 87-90. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. “Die Begegnung von Christentum, Gnosis und Buddhismus an der Seidenstraße.” Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Geisteswissenschaften: Vorträge G 283. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1986.

Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. “Buddhistische Elemente in der christlichen Literatur Zentralasiens.” In Begegnung von Religionen und Kulturen. Festschrift für Norbert Klaes, edited by Dorothea Lüddeckens, et al., 135-143. Dettelbach: Röll, 1998.

Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. “Christentum und Buddhismus in der innerasiatischen Religionsbewegung.” Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 33/3 (1981): 208-220.

Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. “Christian Art on the Silk Road.” In Künstlerischer Austausch/Artistic Exchange. Akten des XXVIII Internationalen Kongresses für Kunstgeschichte, Berlin 15.-20 Juli 1992, edited by Thomas Wolfgang Gaehtgens, 477-489. Akademie-Verlag: Berlin, 1993.

Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. “Christian-Buddhist Encounter in Medieval Central Asia.” In The Cross and the Lotus: Christianity and Buddhism in Dialogue. Edited by G. W. Houston, 9-24. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1985.

Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. “Das Kreuzessymbol in der zentralasiatischen Religionsbegegnung.” Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 31 (1979): 99-115.

Koltun-Fromm, Naomi. Jewish-Christian Conversation in Fourth-Century Persian Mesopotamia. Judaism in Context 12. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2011.

Kominko, Maja. “Constantine’s Eastern Looks: The Elevation of the Cross in a Medieval Syriac Lectionary.” In Towards Rewriting? New Approaches to Byzantine Archaeology and Art: Proceedings of the Symposium on Byzantine Art and Archaeology, Cracow, September 8-10, 2008. Edited by Piotr Ł. Grotowski and Sławomir Skrzyniarz, 177-194. Series Byzantina: Studies on Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Art 8. Warsaw: Sowa, 2010.

Koonammakkal, K.R. Thomas. “Early Christian Monastic Origins: A General Introduction in the Context of the Syriac Orient.” Dialogue 18 (1991).

Koprowski, Marek A. Ks. Prałat Józef Świdnicki. Ostatni kapłan rzymskokatolicki skazany w Związku Radzieckim na karę łagru za nielegalne wykonywanie obowiązków duszpasterskich. February 23, 2009. Kresy.pl.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. “Akulturacja muzułmańska i arabizacja chrześcijan. Kultura i religia na Bliskim Wschodzie w pierwszych wiekach islamu według Ibn Ḫaldūna (1332-1406).” Analecta Cracoviensia 32 (2000): 289-306.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. “Arabic Culture of the Melchite Church in the early Middle Ages (7th-11th Centuries).” Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 3 (2011): 55-66. Download PDF.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. “Between the Syriac Heritage and the Papacy: The Cultural Influence and Contribution of the Maronite Church to the Growth of the Middle East in the 14th–19th Centuries.” Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 2 (2010): 79-91. Download PDF. 

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. “Chrześcijańskie piśmiennictwo arabskie przed Mahometem i jego wpływ na islam.” Analecta Cracoviensia 35 (2003): 329-343. Available on academia.edu.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. “Chrześcijaństwo wobec podbojów muzułmańskich do wypraw krzyżowych.” W kręgu cywilizacji Półksiężyca. 6. Ogólnopolska Konferencja Arabistyczna Kraków, 14-15 maja 2002, edited by Barbara Michalak-Pikulska, 195-207. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2002. Available on academia.edu.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. “Dynamizm akulturacji muzułmańsko-chrześcijańskiej w pierwszych wiekach islamu na Bliskim Wschodzie.” Saeculum Christianum 9 (2001): 1-19.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. Dżihad: Święta wojna w islamie; Związek religii z państwem, Islam a demokracja, Chrześcijanie w krajach muzułmańskich. Kraków: Wydawnictwo “M,” 2002.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. Grecy i Arabowie Historia Kościoła melkickiego (katolickiego) na ziemiach zdobytych przez muzułmanów (634-1516). Kraków: Wydawnictwo UNUM, 2004. Available on academia.edu

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. “Piękno pluralizmu przedchalcedońskich Kościołów orientalnych.” In Piękno Kościoła,M.P. Chojnacki, J. Morawa, A.A. Napiórkowski (eds.), Kraków:Wydawnictwo Naukowe (2014) 49-84. Viewed online 28.10.2021. Available on academia.edu.

NaNataliaKościelniak, Krzysztof. Prosperity and Stagnation: Some Cultural and Social Aspects of the Abbasid Period (750–1258). Kraków: Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia, 2010. Available on academia.edu.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. Tradycja muzułmańska na tle akulturacji chrześcijańsko-islamskiej od VII do X wieku. Kraków: Wydawnictwo UNUM, 2001. Available on academia. edu.

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. XX wieków chrześcijaństwa w kulturze arabskiej, t.1: Arabia starożytna. Chrześcijaństwo w Arabii do Mahometa († 632). Kraków: Wydawnictwo UNUM, 2000. Available on academia.edu.

Koshelenko, G.A., A. Bader and V.A. Gaibov. “The Beginnings of Christianity in Merv.” Iranica Antiqua 30 (1995): 55-70.

Kovács, Szilvia. “The Franciscans and Yaylaq Khatun.” Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 13 (2016): 45-59. Available on academia.edu

Kovács, Szilvia. “An Unremembered Hungarian Friar’s Martyrdom in the Golden Horde.” Chronica (2018): 179-189. Available on academia.edu

Krukowski, Józef. “Stosunki między Stolicą Apostolską a państwami Europy środkowej i wschodniej. Problemy aktualne i perspektywy.” Kwartalnik Prawa Publicznego 1/4 (2001): 101-125. Accessed online 30.08.2019.

Kwanten, Luc Herman M. Imperial Nomads: A History of Central Asia, 500-1500. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1979. Accessed online 27.11.2018.

L

La Vaissière, Étienne de. “Central Asia and the Silk Road.” In The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson, 142-169. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Available on academia.edu.

La Vaissière, Étienne de. Histoire des Marchands Sogdiens. Bibliothèque de l’Institut des hautes Études Chinoises 32. Paris : Collège de France Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, 2002.

Labourt, Jérôme. Le christianisme dans l’empire perse sous la dynastie sassanide (224–632). Bibliothèque de l’enseignement de l’histoire ecclésiastique 11. Paris: V. Lecoffre, 1904.

Lala Comneno, Maria Adelaide. “Cristianesimo nestoriano in Asia centrale nel primo millennio: testimonianze archeologiche.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 61 (1995): 495-535.

Lala Comneno, Maria Adelaide. “Nestorianism in Central Asia during the First Millennium: Archaeological Evidence.” Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society, XI/1 (1997): 20-53.  Accessed online 27.11.2018.

Lamb, Harold. Tamerlane: The Earth Shaker. Garden City, NY, 1928. Accessed online 27.11.2018.

Lamoreaux, John C. “Early Eastern Christian Responses to Islam”. In Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam: A Book of Essays, edited by J. V. Tolan, 3-32. New York: Routledge, 1996.

Landau, Brеnt Christоphеr. “The Revelation of the Magi in the Chronicle of Zuqnin: The Magi form the East in the Ancient Christian Imagination.” Apocrypha 19 (2008): 182-201. Accessed online 24.10.2018. 

Landron, Bénédicte. Chrétiens et musulmans en Irak: Attitudes nestoriennes vis-à-vis de l’Islam [Christians and Muslims in Iraq: Nestorian Attitudes Toward Islam]. Études chrétiennes arabes [Christian Arab Studies], Paris: Editions Cariscript, 2005.

Lane, David J. “Review: Ishodad of Merw’s Exegesis of the Psalms 119 and 139–147.” Journal of Semitic Studies 50:1 (2005): 222-223.

Lane, George. “An Account of Gregory Bar Hebraeus Abu al-Faraj and His Relations with the Mongols of Persia.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 2:2 (1999).

Lassus, Jean. “Liturgies nestoriennes médiévales et églises syriennes antiques.” In Revue de l’histoire des religions 137:2 (1950): 236-252.  Accessed online 10.05.2019.

Latham, Ronald, translator. The Travels of Marco Polo. London: Penguin Books, 1958.

Latourette, Kenneth S. A History of Christian Missions in China. New York: Macmillan Company, 1929. Accessed online 27.11.2018.

Latourette, Kenneth S. A History of the Expansion of Christianity (Volume 2, chs 5 & 6). New York: Harper, 1938. Accessed online 27.11.2018.

Lattimore, Owen. “A Ruined Nestorian City in Inner Mongolia.” Geographic Journal 84/6 (December 1934): 481-497. Available on JSTOR.

Laurent, Marie-Hyacinthe. “Rabban Ṣaumā, ambassadeur de l’Il-Khan Argoun, et la cathédrale de Veroli (1288).” Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire 70 (1958): 331-365. Accessed online 24.10.2018. 

Laurie, Thomas. Dr. Grant and the Mountain Nestorians. Boston: Gould and Lincoln, 1853. Accessed online 28.11.2018.

Lecomte, Vincent. “Le registre de baptêmes d’un village chaldéen.” L’Orient Syrien 8 (1963): 453-468.

Lee, A. Doug. “Dating a Fifth-Century Persian War in Theodoret.” Byzantion 57 (1987): 187-190. Read on JSTOR 24.10.2018.

Lee, Shiu-Keung. The Cross and the Lotus. Hong Kong: Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion and Culture, 1971.

Legge, James. The Nestorian Monument of Hsi-an Fu in Shen-Hsi, China. London: Trubner & Co, 1888. Reprint. New York: Paragon, 1966. PDF.

Leipoldt, Johannes. “Frühes Christentum im Orient (bis 451).” In Religionsgeschichte des Orients in der Zeit der Weltreligionen. Edited by Bertold Spuler, 226-239. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung: Nahe und der Mittlere Osten, Bd. 8: Religion, Abschnitt 2. Leiden/Köln: E.J. Brill, 1961.

Leloir, Louis. “Martyrius.” Dictionnaire de spiritualité ascétique et mystique: doctrine et histoire, 737-742. Paris: Beauchesne, 1980.

Lemmens, Leonhard. “Geschichte der Franziskanermissionen.” Missionswissenschaftliche Abhandlungen und Texte12. Münster: Aschendorff Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1929.

Leonhard, Clemens. Ishodad of Merw’s exegesis of the Psalms 119 and 139-147: A study of his interpretation in the light of the Syriac translation of Theodore of Mopsuestia’s commentary. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters, 2001.

Leonhard, Clemens. “Ps 119 and 139–147 in East-Syrian Commentaries.” In Philologisches und Historisches zwischen Anatolien und Sokotra: Analecta Semitica in Memoriam Alexander Sima. Edited by Werner Arnold, et al., 181-206. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009.

Lerner, Judith A. Christian Seals of the Sasanian Period. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul 41. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul, 1977.

Le Strange, Guy. Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia and Central Asia from the Muslim Conquest to the Time of Timur. Cambridge: CUP, 1905. Accessed online 28.11.2018. 

Levy-Rubin, Milka. Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire: From Surrender to Coexistence. Cambridge: CUP, 2011.

Levy-Rubin, Milka. “The Pact of ʿUmar.” Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History Volume 1(600-900). Edited by David Thomas and Barabara Roggema, 360-64. Leiden: Brill Press, 2009. Available on academia.edu.

Levy-Rubin, Milka. “Shurūṭ ‘Umar: From Early Harbingers to Systematic Enforcement.” In Beyond Religious Borders: Interaction and Intellectual Exchange in the Medieval Islamic World. Edited by David Freidenreich and Miriam Goldstein, 30-43. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2012. Available on academia.edu.

Levy-Rubin, Milka. “The Treaty of ʿUmar.” In Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Edited by Gerhard Bowering, et al., 562-563.  Princeton: Princeton UP, 2013.  Available on academia.edu.

Li, Chonglin. “A Preliminary Study on the Jingjiao Inscription of Luoyang: Text Analysis, Commentary and English Translation.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 109-132. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Li, Chonglin, and Ruji Niu. “The Discovery of Nestorian Inscriptions from Almaliq, Xinjiang, China.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 91-99. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Lieu, Samuel N. C. “Epigraphica Nestoriana Serica.” In Exegisti monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams, edited by Werner Sundermann, et al., 227-254. Iranica; Vol. 17 . Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2009. Download PDF

Lieu, Samuel N. C. Manichaeism in Central Asia and China. Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies XLV. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

Lieu, Samuel N. C. Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China. Tübingen: J C B Mohr, 1992.

Lieu, Samuel. N.C. Manichaeism in Mesopotamia and the Roman East. Leiden: Brill, 1994. Accessed online 10.05.2019.

Lieu, Samuel N. C. “Nestorian Angels from Central Asia and other Christian and Manichaean Remains at Zaitun (Quanzhou) on the South China Coast.” Walls and Frontiers in Inner-Asian History (SRS VI). Turnhout: Brepols (2002) 1-17.

Lieu, Samuel N. C. “Nestorians and Manichaeans on the South China Coast.” Vigiliae Christianae 34 (1980): 71-88. Available on JSTOR. Podcast presentation.

Lieu, Samuel N. C. “The Romanitas of the Xi’an Inscription.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang, and Dietmar W.Winkler, 123-140. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013.

Lim, Richard. ‘The Nomen Manichaeorum and its Uses in Late Antiquity.’ In Heresy and Identity in Late Antiquity. Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism 119. Edited by Eduard Iricinschi and Holger M. Zellentin, 143-167. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008. Available on scribd 10.05.2019.

Lin, Wushu. Tangdai jinjiao zai yanjiu [New Reflections on Nestorianism of the Tang Dynasty]. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan chubanshe, 2003.

Lin, Ying. “Fulin Monks: Did Some Christian Community Other Than Nestorians Enter China during the Tang Period?” In Proche-Orient Chrétien 57 (2007): 22-42. Available on academia.edu.

Liščák,Vladimír. “Italian City-states and Catholic Missions in Mongolian World of the 13th and 14th Centuries.” Anthropologia Integra 3/2 (2012): 1-10. Available on academia.edu.

Liščák, Vladimír. “Nestorianism (jingjiao) in the Tang Dynasty.” Available on academia.edu.

Liščák,Vladimír. Odoric of Pordenone’s Itinerarium and Mongolian China in the Fourteenth Century. Prague: Oriental Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), 2016. Available on academia.edu

Liščák,Vladimír. Po Stopách Bratra Odorika – Styky Evropy a Mongolské Číny ve 13. a 14. Století (S Přílohou Biblioteca Odoriciana).  [In the footsteps of brother Odoric Relations between Europe and Mongolian China in the 13th and 14th centuries (with Biblioteca Odoriciana)]. Brno: Akademické Nakladatelství Cerm, 2014. Available on academia.edu. Updated version, 2015 on academia.edu

Liščák,Vladimír. “Tchangské křesťanství (“nestoriánství”) v Číně a jeho jesuitská reflexe v 17. století” [Tang Christianity (“Nestorianism”) in China and its Jesuit reflection in the 17th Century].  Parresia Revue pro východní křesťanství [A Journal of Eastern Christian Studies] 9–10 (2015-2016): 193-276. Available on academia.edu

Litvinsky, B.A., Guang-da Zhang and R. Shabani Samghabadi, editors. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Crossroads of Civilization: A.D. 250 to 750: 3. SANS COLL-UNESCO, 1996. Available on UNESCO.org and Available on academia.edu.

Loenertz, Raymond-Joseph. “Les missions Dominicaines en Orient au quatorzième siècle et la Société des Frères Pérégrinants Pour le Christ.” Archivum fratrum praedicatorum, 2 (1932), 1-83; vol. 3 (1933), 5-55; vol. 4 (1934), 2-47.

Loginov, Sergej D., and Alexandr B. Nikitin. “Sasanian Coins of the Late 4–7th Centuries from Merv.” Mesopotamia 28 (1993): 271-312.

Loginov Sergej D., and Alexandr B. Nikitin. “Coins of Shapur II from Merv.” Mesopotamia 28 (1993): 247–269.

Loginov Sergej D., and Alexandr B. Nikitin. “Post-Sasanian Coins from Merv.” Mesopotamia 28 (1993): 313–317.

Loofs, Friedrich. Nestorius and His Place in the History of Christian Doctrine. Cambridge: CUP, 1914. Reprint.Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. Accessed online 28.11.2018.

Löwen, Heinrich. Deutsche Christen in Russland und in der Sowjetunion: Grundzüge des historischen und theologischen Hintergrunds russlanddeutsche Freikirchen. Hamburg: disserta Verlag, 2014.

Lübecck, Konrad. Die altpersische Missionskirche. Aachen: Xaverius-Verlag, 1919.

Luisetto, Frédéric. Arméniens et autres chrétiens d’Orient sous la domination mongole. L’Ilkhanat de Ghâzân, 1295-1304. Orient chrétien médiéval 1. Paris: Geuthner, 2007.

Lund, Jerome Alan. “Isho‘dad’s Knowledge of Hebrew as Evidenced from his Treatment of Peshitta Ezekiel.” In The Peshitta: Its Use in Literature and Liturgy. Papers Read at the Third Peshitta Symposium. Edited by Robert Bas ter Haar Romeny, 177-186. Monographs of the Peshitta Institute Leiden 15. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2006.

Lundgren, Svante. The Assyrians: From Nineveh to Södertälje. Raleigh, North Carolina: Nineveh Press, 2016.

Luttikhuizen, Gerard P. “Waren Manis Täufer Elchasaiten?” In Inkulturation des Christentums im Sasanidenreich. Edited by Arafa Mustafa, et. al., 21-29. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert, 2007.

M

Ma, Xiaohe. “Chinese Essentials of Martyrdom of St. George.” Newsletter for International China Studies 12 (2015): 45-75.

Maalouf, Tony T. “Were the Magi from Persia or Arabia?” Bibliotheca Sacra 156:624 (1999): 423-442.

Macina, Robert. “Le rôle eschatologique d’Elie le Prophète dans la conversion finale du peuple juif. Positions juives et chrétiennes à la lumière des sources rabbiniques et patristiques.” Proche-Orient Chrétien 31 (1981): 71-99.

MacKenzie, David Neil. “Christian Sogdian Notes.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33/1 (1970): 116-124.

Maclean, Arthur John. East Syrian Daily Offices Translated from the Syriac with Introduction, Notes and Indices and an Appendix Containing the Lectionary and Glossary. Piscataway, NY: Gorgias Press, 2003.

Maclean, Arthur John and William Henry Browne. The Catholicos of the East and His People. London: SPCK, 1892. Accessed online 03.12.2018.

Macomber, W.F. “The Christology of the Synod of Seleucia – Ctesiphon A.D 486.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 24 (1958): 142-154.

Macomber, William. “The Ancient Form of the Anaphora of the Apostles.” In East of Byzantium: Syria and Armenia in the Formative Period, edited by Nina Garsoïan, et al. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1982.

Maggi, Mauro. “New Persian Glosses in East Syriac Texts of the Eighth to Tenth Centuries.” In Persian Origins – Early Judaeo-Persian and the Emergence of New Persian: Collected Papers of the Symposium, Göttingen 1999. Edited by Ludwig Paul, 111-145. Iranica 6. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003.

Mahé, Jean-Pierre. “Kościół armeński w latach 611-1066.” Historia chrześcijaństwa. Religia – kultura – polityka, volume IV: Biskupi, mnisi i cesarze 610-1-54, edited by J.-M. Mayer et al., Warszawa 1999, 383-445.

Majdowski Andrzej. Kościół katolicki w Azji Środkowej: Z dziejów budownictwa kościelnego w cesarstwie rosyjskim. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo DiG, 1995.

Majdowski Andrzej. Kościół katolicki w Cesarstwie rosyjskim: Syberia, Daleki Wschód, Azja Środkowa. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Neriton 2001.

Maksymiuk, Katarzyna. “Las deportaciones masivas de los habitantes de Siria y de Mesopotamia septentrional por Cosroes I (540–542).” In Los efectos de la guerra: desplazamientos de población a lo largo de la historia. Edited by Fernando Puell de la Villa and David García Hernán, 121-131. Madrid: Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez Mellado, 2017.

Maksymiuk, Katarzyna. “Some remarks on Christian church in Iran in the 5th century AD.” In: Ìstorìâ relìgìj v Ukraïnì : naukovij ŝorìčnik. Kniga 1. Edited by O. Kiričuk, et al., 19-24. L’vìv: Logos, 2014. Available on academia.edu.

Malech, George David. History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East. Minneapolis: private, 1910. Accessed online 24.10.2018. 

Malek, Roman, editor. The Chinese Face of Jesus Christ Volume I. Institut Monumenta Serica and China-Zentrum, 2002.

Malek, Roman and Peter Hofrichter, editors. Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Sankt Augustin, Germany: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006. Available on academia.edu.

Malek, Yusuf. The British Betrayal of the Assyrians. Chicago: The Assyrian National League of America, 1935. Available online in pdf here and html here.

Malick, David G. “Modern Assyrian Hymns: The Introduction of the Vernacular in the Liturgical Services of the Church of the East.” ARAM, 21 (2009) 215-249. Viewed online 17.12.2019.

Maloney, George. “Dialogues Between the Assyrian Church of the East and the Church of Rome.” Diakonia 29/3 (1996), 204-214.

Małowist, Marian. Tamerlan i jego czasy. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1985. Accessed online 03.12.2018.

Margoliouth, David Samuel. “Early Documents in the Persian Language. II. Persian Verses in the Syriac Character, Discovered by Mr. Conybeare.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 35:4 (1903): 765-770.

Marolda Quinto, M. “Le relazioni tra Roma e la Chiesa Caldea: la questione del matrimonio dei sacerdoti caldei nel sec. XVII.” Studi e ricerche sull’Oriente Cristiano 1:3 (1978): 10-23; 2:1 (1979), 13-22.

Marozzi, Justin. Tamerlan: Miecz islamu, zdobywca świata.  Warszawa: Amber, 2006.

Mar Shimun, Surma d’Bait. Assyrian Church Customs and the Murder of Mar Shimun. London: Faith Press, 1920.

Maussion de Favières, Jacques Ghislain de. Damas, Bagdad: capitales et terres des califes. Beyrouth: Dar el-Machreq, 1971.

Marozzi, Justin. Tamerlan: Miecz islamu, zdobywca świata. Translated by Agnieszka Weseli-Ginter. Warszawa: Amber, 2006. Originally published as Tamerlane: Sword of Islam, Conqueror of the World. Boston: Da Capo Press, 2006.

Marsh-Edwards, J.C. “Dominicans and the Nestorian Church in the Thirteenth Century.” New Blackfriars 19:220 (1938): 517-523.

Marshak, Boris Ilich. “Schale (Diskos).” In Spätantike und früh-byzantinische Silbergefässe aus der Staatlichen Ermitage Leningrad: Ausstellung der Staatlichen Ermitage Leningrad in der Frühchristlich-byzantinischen Sammlung der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, Dezember 1978 bis März 1979. Edited by Arne Effenberger, 127-131. Berlin: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, 1978.

Marsone, Pierre. “Two Portraits for One Man: George, King of the Önggüt.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang, and Dietmar W.Winkler, 225-235. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013.

May, Timothy. “Converting the Khan: Christian Missionaries and the Mongol Empire.” World History Connected 12:2 (June 2015). Viewed online 11.05.2019.

McCullough, John C. “Early Syriac Commentaries on the New Testament.” Near East School of Theology Theological Review 5 (1982): 14-33, 79-126.

McCullough, William Stewart. A Short History of Syriac Christianity to the Rise of Islam. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1982.

McDonough, Scott John. “Bishops or Bureaucrats? Christian Clergy and the State in the Middle Sasanian Period.” In Current Research in Sasanian Archaeology, Art and History: Proceedings of a Conference Held at Durham University, November 3rd and 4th, 2001. Edited by Derek Kennet and Paul Luft, 87-92. BAR International Series 1810. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2008. Available on academia.edu.

McDonough, Scott John. Power by Negotiation: Institutional Reform in the Fifth-Century Sasanian Empire. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles, 2005. Available on academia.edu.

McDonough, Scott John. “A Question of Faith? Persecution and Political Centralization in the Sasanian Empire of Yazdgard II (438-457 CE).” In Violence in Late Antiquity: Perceptions and Practices. Edited by Harold A. Drake, 69-81. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.

McDonough, Scott John. “A Second Constantine? The Sasanian King Yazdgard in Christian History and Historiography.” Journal of Late Antiquity 1:1 (2008): 127-140. Accessed online  24.10. 2018. 

McNamara, Kevin. “Theodore of Mopsuestia and the Nestorian Heresy.” Irish Theological Quarterly 19 (1952), 254-78 and (part II) 20 (1953), 172-91.

McVey, Kathleen Elizabeth. “The Sogitha on the Church of Edessa in the Context of Other Early Greek and Syriac Hymns for the Consecration of Church Buildings.” ARAM 5 (1993): 329-370.

Menges, Karl H. “Manichaeismus, Christentum und Buddhismus in Zentralasien und ihr gegenseitiges Verhältnis.” Central Asiatic Journal 35:1-2 (1991): 81-95.

Mérigoux, Jean-Marie. Les chrétiens de Mossoul et leurs églises pendant la période ottomane de 1516 à 1815. Mossoul-Ninive: 1983.

Meshcherskaya, Elena Nikitichna. “The Syriac Fragments of N.N. Krotkov’s Collection.” In Традиции и наследие Христианского Востока. Материалы международной конференции /Traditions and Heritage of the Christian East: Pro ceedings of the International Conference. Edited by Дмитрий Евгеньевич Афиногенов and Алексей Владимирович Муравьев, 321-326. Москва: Индрик, 1996.

Messina, Guiseppe. “Al-Biruni sugli inizi del christianesimo a Merv.” In Al-Bīrūnī Commemoration Volume, A.H. 362–A.H. 1362, 221-231. Calcutta, India: Iran Society, 1951.

Metselaar, Marijke. Nestorianer und der frühe Islam: Wechselwirkungen zwischen den ostsyrischen Christen und ihren arabischen Nachbarn. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.

Metselaar-Jongens, Marijke. Defining Christ: The Church of the East and Nascent Islam. Ph.D Dissertation. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit, 2016. Accessed online 12.11.2019.

Metzger, Bruce M. “The Sogdian Version.” In The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations, by Bruce M. Metzger, 279-281. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.

Michelson, David A. and Nathan P. Gibson, editors. A Guide to Syriac Authors: Syriac Bibliographical Dictionary, Volume II, 2016. Available on academia.edu.

Mikołajec, Jarosław and Jan A. Wendt. “Geograficzna sukcesja religii wielkiego stepu.” NURT SVD (2): 2017, 388-402. Accessed online 21.01.2020. 

Minasiants, Vasgen S. “Gravestones with Crosses and Syrian Inscriptions from the State Museum of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.” Христианский Восток NS 6 [12] (2013): 615-628.

Mingana, Alphonse, editor and translator. The Apology of Timothy the Patriarch before the Caliph Mahdi. Woodbrooke Studies 2. Piscataway, NY: Gorgias Press, 2009. Accessed online 21.01.2020.

Mingana, Alphonse. “The Early Spread of Christianity in Central Asia and the Far East: A New Document.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 9:2 (1925): 297-371. Accessed online 7.12.2018. 

Minov, Sergey. “The Cave of Treasures and Formation of Syriac Christian Identity in Late Antique Mesopotamia: Between Tradition and Innovation.” In Between Personal and Institutional Religion: Self, Doctrine, and Practice in Late Antique Eastern Christianity. Edited by Brouria Bitton-Aszkelony and Lorenzo Perrone, 155-194. Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages15. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Minov, Sergey. “Dynamics of Christian Acculturation in the Sasanian Empire: Some Iranian Motifs in the Cave of Treasures.” In Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians: Religious Dynamics in a Sasanian Context. Edited by Geoffrey Herman, 149-201. Judaism in Context 17. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2014.

Minov, Sergey. Syriac Christian Identity in Late Sasanian Mesopotamia: The Cave of Treasures in Context. Ph.D. dissertation. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2013.

Missick, Stephen Andrew. “The Assyrian Church in the Mongolian Empire as Observed by World Travellers in the Late 13th and Early 14th Centuries.” Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 13:2 (1999): 85-104.

Mode, Markus. “Die Religion der Sogder im Spiegel ihrer Kunst.” In Die vorislamischen Religionen Mittelasiens, edited by Karl Jettmar and Ellen Kattner. Die Religionen der Menschheit 4/3, 141-218. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 2003.

Modzelewska, Bożena. “Iszodad z Merw”. In Encyklopedia katolicka, volume 7. Lublin 1997, 542-543.

Moffett, Samuel Hugh. A History of Christianity in Asia, Vol. I: Beginnings to 1500. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1998.

Montgomery, James A., translator and editor. The History of Yaballaha III, Nestorian Patriarch, and of his Vicar, Bar Sauma, Mongol Ambassador to the Frankish Courts at the End of the Thirteenth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 1927. Accessed online 8.12.2018.

Mooken, Mar Aprem. The History of the Assyrian Church of the East in the Twentieth Century. Baker Hill, Kottayam, Kerala, India: St Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute.  January, 2003.  PDF

Mooken, Mar Aprem.  “Is the Theology of the Assyrian Church Nestorian?”  Church of Beth Kokheh Journal, 09/04/2016. Viewed online 17.12.2019.

Morris, James H. “Rereading the Evidence of the Earliest Christian Communities in East Asia during and prior to the Táng Period.” Missiology: An International Review 45:3 (2017): 252-264.

Morony, Michael G. “History and Identity in the Syrian Churches.” In Redefining Christian Identity: Cultural Interaction in the Middle East since the Rise of Islam. Edited by Jan J. van Ginkel, et al., 1-33. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 134. Louvain: Peeters, 2005.

Morony, Michael G. “Syria under the Persians, 610–629.” In Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the History of Bilād al-Shām during the Early Islamic Period up to 40 A.H./640 A.D.: The Fourth International Conference on the History of Bilad al-Sham (English and French Papers). Edited by Muhammad Adnan al-Bakhit, 87-95. Amman: University of Jordan, 1987.

Mortari Vergara Caffarelli, Paola. “Monumenti nestoriani dal Mediterraneo alla Mongolia.” In I Mongoli dal Pacifico al Mediterraneo, edited by Gabriella Airaldi et al., 11-28. Geneva: ECIG, 2004.

Moule, Arthur Christopher. Christians in China Before the Year 1550. London: SPCK, 1930.  Accessed online 8.12.2018.

Moule, Arthur Christopher. “Fourteenth Century Missionary Letters.” The East & the West: A Quarterly Review for the Study of Missionary Problems. Westminster: Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1921, vol. 19, 357-366.

Moule, Arthur Christopher. “Nestorians in China.” The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1 (Jan., 1933): 116-120. Available on JSTOR.

Moule, Arthur Christopher. Nestorians in China: Some Corrections and Additions. London: The China Society, 1940.

Moule, Arthur Christopher. “The Use of the Cross among the Nestorians in China.” T’oung Pao 28/1 (1931): 78-86.

Mousses, C. Les livres liturgiques de l’Église Chaldéene. Beyrouth: La Photo Presse, 1955.

Müller, Casper Detlef Gustav. Kirche und Mission unter den Arabern in vorislamischer Zeit. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1967.

Müller, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl. “Ein syrisch-neupersisches Psalmenbruchstück aus Chinesisch-Turkistan.” In Festschrift Eduard Sachau zum siebzigsten Geburtstage gewidmet von Freunden und Schülern. Edited by Gotthold Weil, 215-222. Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1915.

Müller, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl. “Handschriften-Reste in Estrangelo-Schrift aus Turfan, Chinesisch-Turkestan.” In Anhang zu den Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften vom Jahre 1904, 1-117. Berlin: 1904.

Müller, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl. “Neutestamentliche Bruchstücke in soghdischer Sprache.” Sitzungsberichte der Königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 (1907): 260-270.

Müller, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl. “Soghdische Texte, I.” Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Jahrgang 1912, Philosophisch-historische Klasse 2. Berlin: Verlag der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1913.

Müller, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl, and Wolfgang Lentz. “Sogdische Texte, II.” Sitzungsberichte der Königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 21 (1934): 504-607.

Muravjev, Alexej V. “New Persian Marriage Contract in the Syriac Manuscript from Turfan.” In The History Behind the Languages: Essays of Turfan Forum on Old Languages of the Silk Road, 160-164. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, 2012.

Murre-van den Berg, Heleen L. “The Church of the East in Mesopotamia in the Mongol Period.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek, and Peter L. Hofrichter, 377-394. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006. Available on Academia.edu. PDF.

Murre-Van Den Berg, Heleen L. “The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 2.2 (1999 [2010]): 235–264. Accessed online 10.12.2018. 

Murre-van den Berg, Heleen. Scribes and Scriptures: The Church of the East in the Eastern Ottoman Provinces (1500–1850). Eastern Christian Studies 21. Louvain, Peeters, 2015.

Musset, Henri. Histoire du christianisme spécialement en Orient. Harissa, Lebanon: Impr. S. Paul, 1948-1949. 3 vol.

N

Naimark, Aleksandr. “Christians in Pre-Islamic Bukhara. Numismatic Evidence.” In Annual Central Eurasian Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers 1994-1996. Edited by J. Elverskog and A. Naimak, 11-13. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1996.

Naimark, Aleksandr. Sogdiana, its Christians and Byzantium: A Study of Artistic and Cultural Connections in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Central Eurasian Studies and Department of Art History, Indiana University, Bloomington, 2001.

Nasrallah, Joseph. L’Église Melchite en Iraq, en Perse et dans l’Asie Centrale. Jerusalem, 1976.

Nau, François. Les Arabes chrétiens de Mésopotamie et de la Syrie du VIIe au VIIIe siècle: Étude sur les origines de l’Islam. Cahiers de la Société Asiatique 1/1. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1933. Accessed online 10.12.2018.

Nau, François. “Encore les pierres tombales du Musée Guimet.” Revue de l’Orient chrétien 18 (1913): 325-327.

Nau, François. “L’expansion nestorienne en Asie.” Annals du Musée Guimet: Bibliothèque de vulgarization 40 (1913): 193-388.

Naymark, Aleksandr. “Christians in pre-Islamic Bukhara: Numismatic Evidence.” Annual Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Abstracts of Papers 1994-1996. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1996.

Naymark, Aleksandr. Sogdiana, its Christians and Byzantium: A Study of Artistic and Cultural Connection in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. Ph.D. dissertation. Bloomington: Indiana University, 2001.  Available on Academia.edu.

Nazir-Ali, Michael. “Christianity in Iran: A Brief Survey.” International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, Vol. 9/1 (01 February 2009): 32-40.

Neal, Gordon Lee. “The Description of Asian Religions in Friar William of Rubruck’s ‘Itinerarium’.” M.A. thesis, University of Arizona, 1995. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Neusner, Jacob.  Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism in Talmudic Babylonia. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1986.

Nicholas Sims-Williams. “Christianity iii. In Central Asia And Chinese Turkestan.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, vol. V, fasc. 5, Costa Mesa, 1991, pp. 330-34. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. La chiesa cattolica in Cina oggi. Le sfide per la vita religiosa, con particolare riferimento all’esperienza dei francescani.  I Francescani e la Cina. Un’opera di oltre sette secoli. Atti del Convengno storico di Greccio, Greccio, 4-5 maggio 2012. Edited by Alvaro Cacciotti  and Maria Melli, 168-185. Millano, Edizioni Biblioteca Francescana 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. “Il cristianesimo nella Cina dei Tang di fronte alla diversità religiosa.” In La Storia delle religioni e la sfida dei pluralismi. Atti del Convevengo della Società Italiana di Storia delle Religioni – Roma, Sapienza, 8–9 aprile 2016. Edited by Sergio Botta, Marianna Ferrara andAlessandro Saggioro, 239–248. Morcelliana: Brescia 2017. Available on academia.edu.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. “Christiano-Sogdica: An Updated Bibliography on the Relationship between Sogdians and Christianity throughout Central Asia and into China.” In Ērān ud Anērān: Studies Presented to Boris Il’ič Maršak on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday. Edited by Matteo Compareti, et al. 455-470. Venezia: Cafoscarina, 2006. Available on academia.edu. Accessed online 27.10.2021

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. “The Dunhuang Jingjiao Documents in Japan: A Report on Their Reappearance.” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang, and Dietmar W. Winkler, 15-26. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo.  “Eastern Outreach: The Monastic Mission to Chinain the Seventh to the Ninth Centuries.” In Mission and Monasticism: Acts of the International Symposium at the Pontifical Athenaeum S. Anselmo, Rome, May 7-9, 2009. Edited by Conrad Leyser and Hannah Williams, 63-70. Rome: Pontifico Ateneo Sant’Anselmo/Sankt Ottilien: EOS, 2013). Available on academia.edu.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. “Luminous Ministers of the Da Qin Monastery: A Study of the Christian Clergy Mentioned in the Jingjiao Pillar from Luoyang.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 141-160. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013. Available on academia.edu.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. “‘The Monastery Will Be a Chinese House’: The Inculturation of the Church in China from the Perspective of the History of Catholic Monasticism.” In Religions & Christianity in Today’s China 3:VII (2017) 41-53. Available on academia.edu.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. “Da Seleucia a Chang’an: monaci cristiani sulla Via della seta nel primo millennio.” In Uomini e religioni sulla Via della seta. Edited by Elisa Giunipero, 61-75. Milano: Guerini e Associati, 2017. Available on academia.edu.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. Tang “Nestorian” documents as the first Chinese Christian literature. Studium Biblicum Hong Kong, 2006. Accessed online 10.12.2018.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. “Xu Guangqi, Disciple of the Luminous Teaching. A Study of the ‘Stone Inscription for the Church of the Luminous Teaching’ (Jingjiaotang beiji) at Jangzhou, around 1632.” In Rooted in Hope: China – Religion – Christianity. In der Hoffnug verwurzelt China – Religion – Christentum. Festschrift in Honor of Festschrift für Roman Malek S.V.D. Volume 1. Edited by Barbara Hoster, Dirk Kuhlmann, Zbigniew Wesolowski, 155-172. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017. Available on academia.edu.

Nicolini-Zani, Matteo, Roman Malek and Dirk Kuhlmann. “Preliminary Bibliography on the Church of the East in China and Central Asia.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L.Hofrichter, 499-608. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Nicoloudis, N. “Byzantine Historians on the Wars of Timur (Tamerlan) in Central Asia and the Middle East.” The Journal of American Oriental Society 8 (1996): 83-94.

Nikitin, Alexandr B. “On the History of the Christianity in Merv.” Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры 1 47: 164-170.

Niu, Ruji. “Nestorian Inscriptions from China (13th–14th Centuries).” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L. Hofrichter, 209-242. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Niu, Ruji. “A Comparative Study of the Nestorian Inscriptions from Semirechie, Inner Mongolia and Quanzhou.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 101-108. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Niu, Ruji. “A Nestorian Tombstone with Syriac Inscriptions from Central Asia.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 93-99. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013.

Nixon, F. A. “Yuan Dynasty Nestorian Crosses.” The Orient 9 (1952): 31-34.

Nöldeke, Theodor. “Review of: D. Chwolsohn, Syrisch-nestorianische Grabinschriften aus Semirjetschie.” Mémoires de l’Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg VII, 37:8 (1890), 138-157. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 44 (1890): 520-528.

Nordiguian, Lévon. “Chapelles rurales médiévales dans le territoire du comtéde Tripoli (Liban): essai typologique.” In Les églises en monde syriaque, edited by F. Briquel-Chatonnet, 169-196. Paris: Geuthner: 2013.  Available on academia.edu.

Norman, Jeremias. “Eastern Christianity in China.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia, edited by Dietmar Winkler and Li Tang, 280-290. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Norris, Frederick W. Timothy I of Baghdad, Catholicos of the East Syrian Church, 780–823: Still a Valuable Model. International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 30/3 (July 1, 2006): 133-136.

Nosowski, Jerzy. “Les événements historiques les plus importants dans les relations mutuelles entre l’islam et le christianisme.” In Islam a chrześcijaństwo, edited by Andrzej Zaborski, 237-249. Kraków: Seria: Biblioteka Ekumenii i Dialogu, 1995.

Nosowski, Jerzy. “Stosunki pomiędzy islamem a chrześcijaństwem w okresie istnienia imperium kalifów.” Studia Theologica Varsaviensia 11/1 (1973), 223-240. Accessed online 10.12.2018.

O

O’Dishoo, Mar. The Book of Marganitha (The Pearl) on the Truth of Christianity. Translated by His Holiness Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII. Chicago: Literary Committee of the Assyrian Church of the East, 1988. Available on archive.org.

Olearius, Adam.The Travels of Olearius in Seventeenth-century Persia. Excerpts from The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors…Translated by John Davies (1662). Edited by Lance Jenott (2000). Accessed online 28.10.2021.

Ortiz de Urbina, Ignacio. “Storia e cause dello scisma della Chiesa di Persia.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 3 (1937): 456-485.

Osawa, Takashi. “The Acceptance of Syrian Christianity by the Ancient Turks in Central Asia in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries, and the Stone Sculptures Reflecting Their Beliefs.” In Syriac in Its Multi-Cultural Context: First International Syriac Studies Symposium, Mardin Artuklu University, Institute of Living Languages, 20-22 April 2012, Mardin. Edited by Herman G.B. Teule, et al., 81-106. Eastern Christian Studies 23. Louvain: Peeters, 2017.

Osawa, Takashi, Guunii Lkhundev, Shigeo Saito and Hidemi Takahashi. “’As the Mountains Surround Jerusalem’: Two Syriac Inscriptions at Ulaan Tolgoi (Doloon Nuur) in Western Mongolia.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 18:1 (2015): 191-206.

Osman, Ghada. “Pre-Islamic Arab Converts to Christianity in Mecca and Medina: An Investigation into the Arabic Sources.” The Muslim World, 95 (2005) 67-80. Accessed online 16.11.2018.

Osawa, Takashi, and Hidemi Takahashi. “Le prince Georges des Önggüt dans les montagnes de l’Altaï de Mongolie: les inscriptions d’Ulaan Tolgoi de Doloon Nuur.” In Le christianisme syriaque en Asie Centrale et en Chine. Edited by Pier Giorgio Borbone and Pierre Marsone, 257-290. Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015.

Outerbridge, Leonard M. The Lost Churches of China: A Study of the Contributing Factors in the Recurring Losses Sustained by Christianity in China during the Past Thirteen Hundred Years. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Chicago, 1951. Accessed online 24.10.2018. 

Outerbridge, Leonard M. The Lost Churches of China. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1952.

P

Paczkowski, Celestyn Mieczysław. “Kościół Wschodniosyryski: Chrześcijanie znad Eufratu.” Ziemia Święta 63 (1): 2010, 45-52. Accessed online 21.01.2020.

Pahlitzsch, Johannes. “Christian Pious Foundations as an Element of Continuity between Late Antiquity and Islam.” In Charity and Giving in Monotheistic Religions. Edited by Miriam Frenkel and Yaacov Lev, 125-151. Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients NF 22. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.

Pallath, Paul.  Unity of Christian Initiation, with Special Reference to the Syro-Malabar Church.  Bangalor: Dharmaram Publications, 2016. Available on academia.edu.

Panaino, Antonio. “Note sulla lingua e la letteratura cristiano-sogdiana.” Atti del Sodalizio Glottologico Milanese 29 (1987-1988): 18-30.

Paolillo, Maurizio. “A Nestorian Tale of Many Cities. The Problem of the Identification of Urban Structures in Önggüt Territory during the Yuan Dynasty according to Chinese and Western Sources.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L. Hofrichter, 357-373. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Paolillo, Maurizio. “White Tatars: The Problem of the Origin of the Öngüt Conversion to Jingjiao and the Uighur Connection.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W Winkler, 237-254. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013.

Parpola, Simo. National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies, 18:2 (2004): 5-22. Viewed online 09.07.2019.

Parry, Ken. “Byzantine-rite Christians (Melkites) in Central Asia and China and their contacts with the Church of the East.” In Winds of Jingjiao: studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia, edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 203-220. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016. Available on academia.edu.

Parry, Ken. “Byzantine-rite Christians (Melkites) in Central Asia in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.” Modern Greek studies (Australia and New Zealand), special edition (2012): 91-108. Accessed online 10.12.2018.

Parry, Ken. “Images in the Church of the East: The Evidence from Central Asia and China.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 78:3 (1996): 143-162.

Pasquet, Colette. “L’homme, image de Dieu, seigneur de l’univers: l’interprétation de Gn 1, 26 dans la tradition syriaque orientale.” Ph.D. dissertation. Université de Paris-Sorbonne/Institut Catholique de Paris. Lille, France: Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2006.

Pawlak, Stanisław.  “Benedykt Polak i jego wyprawa do Mongolii” [Benedict Pole and his Expedition to Mongolia]. Rocznik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego12 (2020), 467-471. PDF1 PDF2

Paykova, Aza Vladimirovna. “The Syrian Ostracon from Panjikant.” Le Muséon 92:1-2 (1979): 159-169.

Payne, Richard. “Avoiding Ethnicity: Uses of the Ancient Past in Late Sasanian Northern Mesopotamia.” In Visions of Community in the Post-Roman World: The West, Byzantium and the Islamic World, 300-1100. Edited by Walter Pohl, et al., 205-221. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2012.

Payne, Richard. “Cosmology and the Expansion of the Iranian Empire, 502–628 C.E.” Past and Present 220:1 (2013): 3–33. Available on academia.edu.

Payne, Richard. “East Syrian Bishops, Elite Households, and Iranian Law after the Muslim Conquest.” Iranian Studies, 48:1 (2014):  5-32. Available on academia.edu.

Payne, Richard. “The Myth of Zoroastrian Intolerance: Violence and the Terms of Christian Inclusion.”  Chapter 1 in A State of Mixture Christians, Zoroastrians, and Iranian Political Culture in Late Antiquity. Oakland: University of California Press, 2015. Available on academia.edu.  PDF.  

Pedersen, Nils Arne, René Falkenberg, John Møller Larsen and Claudia Leurini. The Old Testament in Manichaean Tradition: The Sources in Syriac, Greek, Coptic, Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, New Persian, and Arabic. Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum: Biblia Manichaica 1. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.

Pelliot, Paul. “Chrétiens d’Asie centrale et d’Extrême-Orient.” T’oung Pao 15 (1914): 623-644.

Pelliot, Paul. “Christianity in Central Asia in the Middle Ages.” Journal of the Canadian Asian Society 17:3 (1930): 301–312.

Pelliot, Paul. L’Inscription Nestorienne de Si-ngan-fou. Edited with supplements by Antonino Forte. Paris: Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises, 1996.

Pelliot, Paul. Recherches sur les chrétiens d’Asie centrale et d’Extrême-Orient. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1973, 1984.

Penn, Michael Philip. Envisioning Islam: Syriac Christians and the Early Muslim World. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.

Penn, Michael Philip.When Christians First Met Muslims: A Sourcebook of the Earliest Syriac Writings on Islam. Oakland: University of California Press, 2015. Prologue and Introduction viewed online 09.07.2019.

Perkins, Justin. Missionary Life in Persia: Being Glimpses at a Quarter of a Century of Labors among the Nestorian Christians. Piscataway, NJ : Gorgias Press LLC, 2018. Accessed online 21.01.2020.

Perkins, Justin. Residence of Eight Years in Persia Among the Nestorian Christians; With Notices of the Muhammedans. Andover MA: Allen, Morill and Wardwell, 1843. Accessed online 11.12.2018.

Perlmann, M. “Notes on Anti-Christian Propaganda in the Mamluk Empire.” Bulletin of the Schools of Oriental and African Research 10 (1942): 843-861. Available on JSTOR.

Peters, Curt. “Der Text der soghdischen Evangelienbruchstücke und das Problem der Pešitta.” Oriens Christianus III, 1 33: 153-162.

Petersen, William Lawrence. “An Important Unnoticed Diatessaronic Reading in Turfan Fragment M-18.” In Text and Testimony: Essays on New Testament and Apocryphal Literature in Honour of A.F.J. Klijn. Edited by Tjitze Baarda, et. al., 187-192. Kampen: Kok, 1988.

Petersen, William Lawrence. “Problems in the Syriac New Testament and How Syrian Exegetes Solved Them.” In The Peshitta: Its Use in Literature and Liturgy. Papers Read at the Third Peshitta Symposium. Edited by Robert Bas ter Haar Romeny, 53-74. Monographs of the Peshitta Institute Leiden 15. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2006.

Petit, Françoise, Lucas van Rompay, and Joseph Johannes Sicco Weitenberg, editors. Eusèbe d’Émèse. Commentaire de la Genèse: Texte arménien de l’édition de Venise (1980), fragments grecs et syriaques, avec traductions. Traditio Exegetica Graeca 15. Louvain/Walpole, MA: Peeters, 2011.

Peyrouse, Sébastien. The Partnership between Islam and Orthodox Christianity in Central Asia. Religion, State & Society, Vol. 36 (4) 1 December 2008: 393-405.

Philip T. V. East of the Euphrates: Early Christianity in Asia, India: CSS & ISPCK, 1998. Accessed online 28.10.2021.

Piemontese, Angelo Michele. La Persia istoriata in Roma. (Studi e Testi 480), Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, 2014.

Piemontese, Angelo Michele. Persica Vaticana: Roma e Persia tra codici e testi. (Studi e testi, 512), Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2017.

Piemontese, Angelo Michele. “Raccolte confluite nella Biblioteca Vaticana.” In Persico Vaticana: Roma e Persia tra Codici e Testi, 11-53.  Città del Vaticana: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2017. 

Pigulevskaya, Nina V. “Fragments syriaques et syro-turcs de Hara-Hoto et de Tourfan.” Revue de l’Orient chrétien III, 10 30: 3-46.

Pines, Shlomo. “The Iranian name for Christians and the ‘God-Fearers.” Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 2 (1968): 143-52. Open Library.

Pittard, William J., and Nicholas Sims-Williams. “Fragments of Sogdian Gospel Lectionaries: Some New Identifications.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 43-50. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013.

Platt, Andrew Thomas. “The Church of the East at Three Critical Points in its History.” Ph.D. dissertation. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America, 2017. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Polichetti, Massimiliano A. “Tra i regni cristiani d’oriente e d’occidente: Cenni storici riguardanti la diffusione e la decadenza della chiesa nestoriana in Asia central.” In Alla maniera di… Convegno in ricordo di Maria Teresa Lucidi, edited by Pierfrancesco Fedi, et al., 89-99. Roma: Università La Sapienza, 2011. Available on academia.edu.

Potoczny, Mateusz R. “Małżeństwo w Asyryjskim Kościele Wschodu.” [Marriage in the Assyrian Church of the East] In Roczniki Teologiczne, Tom LXVII, zeszyt 8 – 2020, ss. 59-74.. Accessed online 28.10.2021

Potoczny, Mateusz R. “Słowo, które staje się obrazem, w tradycji chrześcijan syryjskich.” Teologia i Człowiek 37 (2017) 1, 169-188. Available on academia.edu.

Pourshariati, Parvaneh. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London: I. B. Tauris, 2008. PDF.

Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes. “The global Patriarch. Aspects of Byzantine ecclesiastical activity and inactivity within the Mongol-Islamic World of the 13th–14th cent.” In The Patriarchate of Constantinople in Context and Comparison. Edited by Christian Gastgeber, et al., 351-360. Proceedings of the International Conference Vienna, September 12th – 15 th 2012. In Memoriam Konstantinos Pitsakis (1944 – 2012) and Andreas Schminck (1947 – 2015): Vienna, 2015. Available on academia.edu

Pride, Jonathan. Saving an Ancient Community: Christianity in Iraq. Harvard International Law Journal, 53 (April 2012): 197-212. Accessed online 21.01.2020.

Pritula, Anton. “’Abdīšō’ of Gazarta, the first literate of the Chaldean Church: Poems dedicated to the Popes of Rome.” Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 10:3 (2018): 374–391. Available on academia.edu.

Pritula, Anton. “Syroturcica: A Bilingual Poem from the Mongol Time.” In Christsein in der islamischen Welt: Festschrift für Martin Tamcke zum 60. Geburtstag. Edited by Sidney Harrison Griffith and Sven Grebenstein, 345-357 Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015.

Pritula, Anton. The Wardā: An East Syriac Hymnological Collection: Study and Critical Edition. Göttinger Orientforschungen I. Reihe: Syriaca. Edited by Martin Tamcke. Bd. 47, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015.

Przekop, Edmund. Wschodnie patriarchaty starożytne. Warszawa: Pax, 1984.

Psellos, Konstantinos (Michał). Kronika czyli historia jednego stulecia Bizancjum (976-1077). Translated by Oktawiusz Jurewicz. Wrocław: Ossolineum, 2005.

Putnam, Hans. L’Église et l’islam sous Timothée I (780-823): étude sur l’église nestorienne au temps des premiers ʿAbbasides avec nouvelle édition et traduction du dialogue entre Timothée et al-Mahdi. Beirut: Dar al-Machreq, 1977.

R

Raguin, Yves. “China’s First Evangelization by the 7^th and 8^th century Eastern Syrian Monks: Some Problems Posed by the First Chinese Expressions of Christian Traditions.” In The Chinese Face of Jesus Christ, vol. 1. Edited by Roman Malek, 159-179. Institut Monumenta Serica and China-Zentrum Sankt Augustin, 2002

Ramstedt, Gustav John. “Reste des Nestorianismus unter den Mongolen.” Journal de la Société Fenno-Ougrienne/Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 55:2 (1951): 40-46.

Rassam, Suha. Christianity in Iraq: Its Origins and Development to the Present Day. Leominster, UK: Gracewing, 2005.

Raschmann, Simone-Christiane. “Christliche Texte aus Zentralasien in der Berliner Turfansammlung” [Christian Texts from Central Asia in the Berlin Turfan Collection]. In: Orientalische Bibelhandschriften aus der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – PK (Eine Geschichte) [OrientalBible Manuscripts from the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – PK (An Illustrated History)]. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2016, 105-113.

Rehatsek, Edward. “Christianity among the Mongols till their Expulsion from China in 1368: Comprising the Eastern Grand Kháns or Emperors, with the Western or Persian Kháns.” Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 13 (1878): 152-302.

Reinbold, Wolfgang. Propaganda und Mission im ältesten Christentum. Eine Untersuchung zu den Modalitäten der Ausbreitung der frühen Kirche. Göttingen: GOEDOC, Dokumenten-und Publikationsserver der Georg-August-Universität, 2011.  PDF

Reinink, Gerrit J. Syriac Christianity under Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Rule. Variorum Collected Studies Series 831. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005.

Reinink, Gerrit J. “East Syriac Historiography in Response to Islam: The Case of John bar Penkaye’s Ktābā d-rēš mellē.” In Redefining Christian Identity: Christian Interaction the Middle East since the Rise of Islam. Edited by J. J. van Ginkel, H. L. Murre-van den Berg, and Theo M. van Lint, 77-89. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 134. Louvain: Peeters, 2005.

Riedel, Meredith. “Syriac sources for Byzantinists: an introduction and overview.” Available on academia.edu.

Reuven Amitai-Preiss. “Sufis and Shamans: Some Remarks on the Islamization of the Mongols in the Ilkhanate.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 42/1 (1999), 27-46.

Riboud, Pénélope. “Le christianisme syriaque à l’époque Tang.” In Le christianisme syriaque en Asie Centrale et en Chine. Edited by Pier Giorgio Borbone and Pierre Marsone, 41-62. Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015.

Riccold de Monte Croce. Pérégrination en Terre Sainte et au Proche Orient, edited and translated by René Kappler; Lettres sur la chute de Saint-Jean d’Acre, translated by René Kappler. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2000.

Richard, Jean. “Chrétiens et Mongols au concile: la papauté et les Mongols de Perse dans la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle. In: 1274. Année charnière. Mutations et continuités.” Paris 1977 (Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche scientifique 558), 31-44. PDF

Richard, Jean. “Le Christianisme dans l’Asie centrale.” Journal of Asian History, vol. 16/2 (1982), 101-124.

Richard, Jean. La papauté et les missions d’Orient au moyen âge (XIIIe-XVe siècle). Collection de l’École française de Rome 33. Paris: École française de Rome, Palais Farnèse, 1977.

Richard, Jean. “Le soutien de l’Église latine aux chrétiens d’Orient durant le Moyen Âge.” In Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands Eight to Eighteenth Centuries, edited by M. Geveres and R. J. Bikhazi, 389-406. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990.

Roberson, Ronald. The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey. Rome: Edizioni Orientalia Christiana, 1995.

Romeny, Bas Ter Haar. “Ephrem and Jacob of Edessa in the Commentary of the Monk Severus.” In Malphono w-Rabo d-Malphone. Studies in Honour of Sebastian P. Brock, edited by G.A. Kiraz, 535–57. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2008. Available on academia.edu.

Rong, Xinjiang. New Light on Sogdian Colonies along the Silk Road: Recent Archaeological Finds in Northern China. Lecture at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities on 20th September 2001. Download PDF.

Rott, Philipp G. “Christian Crosses from Central Asia.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L. Hofrichter, 395-401. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Rott, Philipp G. The Crosses and Their Fragments from South-Eastern Semirech’e.” In Материалы и исследования по археологии Кыргызстана, Выпуск 1. Бишкек: Илим, 2005: 44-51.

Řoutil, Michal, Petra Košťálová, and Petr Novák. The Calamity of Christians. The Extermination of the Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks in the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1923. Červený Kostelec, Czech Republic: Pavel Mervart Publishing House, 2017. Czech with English summary. Available on academia.edu.

Rouxpetel, Camille. “Dominicans and East Christians: Missionary Method and Specific Skills (13th–14th Centuries).” In Quis est qui ligno pugnat? Missionari ed evangelizzazione nell’Europa tardoantica e medievale (secc. IV–XIII) [Quis est qui ligno pugnat? Missionaries and Evangelization in Late Antique and Medieval Europe (4th–13th Centuries)]. Edited by Emanuele Piazza, 367-376. Verona: Alteritas, 2016.

Rouxpetel, Camille. “Riccoldo da Monte Croce’s Mission towards the Nestorians and the Jacobites (1288–c.1300): Defining Heresy and Inventing the Relationship with the Other. From Theory to Missionary Experience.” Medieval Encounters 21:2-3 (2015): 250-278.

Royel, Mar Awa. “The Assyrian Church of the East: A Panoramic View of a Glorious History.” Church of Beth Kokheh Journal, Volume 5 (2017). Accessed online 28.10.2019. PDF

Royel, Mar Awa. “The Pearl of Great Price: The Anaphora of the Apostles Mar Addai &Mar Mari as an Ecclesial and Cultural Identifier of the Assyrian Church of the East.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 80/1 (2014): 5-22. Available on academia.edu.

Royel, Mar Awa. “The Sacrament of the Holy Leaven (Malkā) in the Assyrian Church of the East.” In The Anaphoral Genesisof the Institution Narrative in Light of the Anaphora of Addai and Mari: Acts of the International Liturgy Congress Rome 25-26 Ocrtober 2011, ed. Cesare Giraudo. Pontifcio Istituto Orientale & Valore Italiano, 2013.  363-386. Available on academia.edu. 

Royel, Mar Awa.“The Sacraments of the Assyrian Church of the East.” Available on academia.edu.

Rule, Paul. “From Missionary Hagiography to the History of Chinese Christianity.” Monumenta Serica 53 (2005): 461-475. Available on JSTOR.

Rubruk, Wilhelm z.Opis podróży, przeł. M. Olszewski, Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki, Kęty 2007.

Rubuck, William of [Ruysbroek, Willem van]. The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts, 1253-55, with Two Accounts of the Earlier Journey of John of Pian de Carpine.  Translated and edited by W. W. Rockhill. London: Hakluyt Society, 1900. Accessed online 11.12.2018.

Ryan, James D. “Christian Wives of Mongol Khans: Tatar Queens and Missionary Expectations in Asia.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society III, 8:3 (1998): 411-421. downloadable online.

Ryan, James D. ‘Conversion or the Crown of Martyrdrom: Conflicting Goals for Fourteenth Century Missionaries in Central Asia?’ In Medieval Cultures in Contact, edited by Richard F. Gyug, 19-38. New York: Fordham University Press, 2003.

Ryan, James D. “Conversion vs. Baptism? European Missionaries in Asia in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries.” In Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages, edited by James Muldoon, 146-167. Gainsville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1997.

Ryan, James D. “Preaching Christianity along the Silk Route: Missionary Outpost in the Tartar ‘Middle Kingdom’ in the Fourteenth Century.” Journal of Early Modern History 2/4 (1998): 350-73.

Ryan, James D. The Spiritual Expansion of Medieval Latin Christendom: The Asian Missions. Farnham–Burlington, UK: Ashgate, 2013.

Rybatzki, Volker. “Nestorian Personal Names from Central Asia.” Studia Orientalia 99 (2004): 269-291.

Rzepka, Marcin. “Payām-e Āšuriyān – the Assyro-Chaldean publications in the Persian language in postrevolutionary Iran.” Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 2 (2010): 93-99. Accessed online 21.01.2020.

S

Sachau, Eduard. “Die Christianisierungs-Legende von Merw.” In Abhandlungen zur semitischen Religionskunde und Sprachwissenschaft. Wolf Wilhelm Grafen von Baudissin zum 26. September 1917 überreicht von Freunden und Schülern und in ihrem Auftrag und mit Unterstützung der Straßburger Cunitz-Stiftung. Edited by Wilhelm Frankenberg and Friedrich Küchler, 399-409. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 33. Giessen: Alfred Töpelmann, 1918.

Sachau, Eduard. “Von Christentum in der Persis.” Sitzungsberichte der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1916.

Sachau, Eduard. Zur Ausbreitung des Christentums in Asien. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse, Jahrg. 1919, 1. Berlin: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1919. Accessed online 24.10.2018

Saeki, P. Yoshio. The Nestorian Documents and Relics in China. Tokyo: Maruzen, 1951.

Saeki, P. Yoshio. The Nestorian Monument in China. New York: MacMillan, 1916. Accessed online 11.12.2018.

Sahas, Daniel. J. “The Arab Character of the Christian Disputation with Islam: The Case of John of Damascus (ca. 655-ca. 749).” In Religionsgespräche in Mittlealter, edited by B. Lewis, 185-205. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1992.

Sahner, Christian C. “A Zoroastrian Dispute in the Caliph’s Court: TheGizistag Abāliš in its Early Islamic Context.” Iranian Studies (2019).  Published online 13 May 2019. Available on academia.edu.

Saint-Laurent, Jeanne-Nicole Mellon. Missionary Stories and the Formation of the Syriac Churches.  Oakland: University of California Press, 2015.

Salvesen, Alison. “Hexaplaric Readings in Iš‘odad of Merv’s Commentary on Genesis.” In The Book of Genesis in Jewish and Oriental Christian Interpretation: A Collection of Essays. Edited by Judith Frishman and Lucas van Rompay, 230-252. Traditio Exegetica Graeca 5. Louvain: Peeters, 1997.

Sarkhosh, Curtis V. “Some Observations on Coins of Peroz and Kavad.” In Coins, Art and Chronology: Essays on the pre-Islamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands. Edited by Michael Alram, Deborah E. Klimburg-Salter, 303–313. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999.

Saunders, John J. “The Decline and Fall of Christianity in Medieval Asia.” Journal of Religious History 5 (1968-1969): 93-104.

Savchenko, Alexei. “Urgut Revisited.” ARAM 8 (1996): 333-354.

Savchenko, Alexei, and Mark Dickens. “Prester John’s Realm: New Light on Christianity between Merv and Turfan.” In The Christian Heritage of Iraq: Collected Papers from the Christianity of Iraq I-V Seminar Days. Edited by Erica C.D. Hunter, 121-135. Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies 13. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2009. Available on academia.edu.

Schall, Anton. “Der nestorianische Bibelexeget Īšō‘dāḏ von Merw (9. Jh. n. Chr.) in seiner Bedeutung für die orientalische Philologie.” In Studia semitica necnon Iranica: Rudolpho Macuch septuagenario ab amicis et discipulis dedicata. Edited by Maria Macuch, et al., 271-282. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1989.

Schilling, Alexander Markus. Die Anbetung der Magier und die Taufe der Sāsāniden. Zur Geistesgeschichte des Iranischen Christentums in der Spätantike. CSCO 621, Subs. 120. Louvain: Peeters, 2008.

Schilling, Alexander Markus. “L’apôtre du Christ, la conversion du roi Ardašīr et celle de son vizir.” In Controverses des chrétiens dans l’Iran sassanide (Chrétiens en terre d’Iran II). Edited by Christelle Jullien, 89-112. Cahiers de Studia Iranica 36. Paris: Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes, 2008.

Schliebitz, Johannes, ed. Išôdâdh’s Kommentar zum Buche Hiob. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 11. Giessen: Alfred Töpelmann, 1907.

Schnurr, Joseph. Die Kirchen und das religiöse Leben der Russlanddeutschen. Stuttgart: Landsmannschaft d. Deutschen aus Russland, 1972.

Schnurr, Joseph. Die Kirchen und das religiöse Leben der Russlanddeutschen: Evangelischer Teil. Stuttgart: Landsmannschaft d. Deutschen aus Russland, 1978.

Schnurr, Joseph. Die Kirchen und das religiöse Leben der Russlanddeutschen: Katholischer Teil. StuttgartL Landsmannschaft d. Deutschen aus Russland, 1980.

Schwartz, Martin. “Miscellanea Iranica.” In W.B. Henning Memorial Volume. Edited by Mary Boyce and Ilya Gershevitch, 385-394. Asia Major Library. London: Lund Humphries, 1970.

Schwartz, Martin. “Sogdian Fragments of the Book of Psalms.” Altorientalische Forschungen1 (1974): 257-261.

Schwartz, Martin. “Studies in the Texts of the Sogdian Christians.” Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Berkeley, 1967.

Scott, David A. “Christian Responses to Buddhism in Pre-Medieval Times.” Numen 32:1 (1985): 88-100.

Scott, David A. “Medieval Christian Responses to Buddhism.” Journal of Religious History 15 (1988): 165-184.

Scott, P. M. “Some Mongol Nestorian Crosses.” The Chinese Recorder Feb 1 (1930): 104-108; Nov (1930): 704-706.

Segal, J. B. Edessa: The Blessed City. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2005.

Selb, Walter. Orientalisches Kirchenrecht. Bd. 1: Die Geschichte des Kirchenrechts der Nestorianer (von den Anfängen bis zur Mongolenzeit). Sitzungsberichte der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 388. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Antike Rechtsgeschichte 3. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1981.

Seleznyov, Nikolai N. “The Church of the East and Its Theology: History of Studies.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 74 (2008): 115-131. Accessed online 14.12.2018.

Seleznyov, Nikolai N. “Franks and Eastern Christian Communities: A Survey of their Beliefs and Customs by an Arabic-Speaking Coptic Author (MS Mingana Chr. Arab. 71).” Christian Orient 12/6 (2013): 150-161. Accessed online 14.12.2018.

Semaan, Wanis. “The relationship of Islam to Judaism and Christianity.” Melanesian Journal of Theology 11/1&2 (1995): 70-78. Accessed online 14.12.2018.

Semenov, Grigori L. Studien zur sogdischen Kulture an der Seidenstrasse. Studies in Oriental Religions 36. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1996.

Shahid, Irfan. “Arab Christian Pilgrimages in the Proto-Byzantine Period (V-VII Centuries).” In Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt, edited by David Frankfurter. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

Shahid, Irfan. “Arab Christianity Before the Rise of Islam.”. In Christianity: A History in the Middle East, edited by Habib Badr. Beirut: Middle East Council of Churches/Studies and Research Program, 2005.

Shahid, Irfan. Byzantium and the Semitic Orient Before the Rise of Islam. Collected Studies Series: No.Cs270. London: Variorum, 1988.

Shahid, Irfan. “The Martyrdom of Early Arab Christians: Sixth Century Najran.” In The First One Hundred Years: A Centennial Anthology Celebrating Antiochian Orthodoxy in North America, edited by George S. Corey. Englewood, NJ: Antakya Press, 1995.

Shan, Mark Chuanhang. “The Kingdom of God in Yurts: Christianity among Mongols in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries.” Africanus Journal 3/2 (November 2011), 29-41. Accessed online 28.08.2019.  Archive.org

Sheil, Mary Leonora Woulfe. Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia: With Notes on Russia, Koords, Toorkomans, Nestorians, Khiva, and Persia. London: Murray, 1856.

Silverberg, Robert. The Realm of Prester John. Athens, Ohio: Ohio UP, 1996.

Simonsohn, Uriel I. A Common Justice: The Legal Allegiances of Christians and Jews Under Early Islam. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. An Ascetic Miscellany: The Christian Sogdian Manuscript E28. Berliner Turfantexte 42. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas, ed. Biblical and Other Christian Sogdian Texts from the Turfan Collection. Berliner Turfantexte 32. Turnhout: Brepols, 2014.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “A Christian Sogdian Polemic against the Manichaeans.” In Religious Themes and Texts of Pre-Islamic Iran and Central Asia: Studies in Honour of Professor Gherardo Gnoli on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday on 6 December 2002, edited by Carlo G. Cereti, et al., 401-410. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2002.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Christian Sogdian Texts from the Nachlass of Olaf Hansen. I: Fragments of the Life of Serapion.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 58:1 (1995): 50-68.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Christian Sogdian Texts from the Nachlass of Olaf Hansen. II: Fragments of Polemic and Prognostics.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 58:2 (1995): 288-302.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Christianity in Central Asia and Chinese Turkestan.” In Encyclopaedia Iranica. Edited by Ehsan Yarshater, 530-534. California, Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 1992.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas, ed. The Christian Sogdian Manuscript C2. Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients, Berliner Turfantexte 12. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1985.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. A Dictionary: Christian Sogdian, Syriac and English. Beiträge zu Iranistik 41. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2016.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Early New Persian in Syriac Script: Two Texts from Turfan.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 74:3 (2011): 353-374.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “An Early Source for the Life of John of Dailam: Reconstructing the Sogdian Version.” Nāme-ye Irān-e Bāstān 12:1-2 (2014): 121-134.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas, ed. The Life of Serapion and Other Christian Sogdian Texts from the Manuscripts E25 and E26. Berliner Turfantexte 35. Turnhout: Brepols, 2015.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. Mitteliranische Handschriften, Teil 4: Iranian Manuscripts in Syriac Script in the Berlin Turfan Collection. Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland 18.4. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2012.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “A Sogdian Fragment of a Work of Dadišo‘ Qaṭraya.” Asia Major NS 18:1 (1973): 88-105.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “The Sogdian Lectionary E5 and the Text of the Syriac Gospels.” Oriens Christianus 99 (2016): 61-76.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “A Sogdian Version of “Gloria in excelsis Deo’.” In Au carrefour des religions. Mélanges offerts à Philippe Gignoux. Edited by Rika Gyselen, 257-262. Res Orientales 7. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’étude de la civilisation du Moyen-Orient, 1995.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Syro-Sogdica I: An Anonymous Homily on the Three Periods of the Solitary Life.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 47:2 (1981): 441-446.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Syro-Sogdica II: A Metrical Homily by Bābay bar Nṣibnāye ‘On the Final Evil Hour’.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 48 (1982): 171-176.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Syro-Sogdica III: Syriac Elements in Sogdian.” In A Green Leaf: Papers in Honour of Professor Jes P. Asmussen, 145-156. Acta Iranica 28, Dexième Série: Hommages et Opera Minora 12. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Traditions Concerning the Fates of the Apostles in Syriac and Sogdian.” In Gnosisforschung und Religionsgeschichte. Festschrift für Kurt Rudolph zum 65. Geburtstag. Edited by Holger Preißler, et al., 287-295. Marburg: Diagonal-Verlag, 1994.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Two Words in the Sogdian Version of the Antirrheticus of Evagrius Ponticus.” DABIR: The Digital Archive of Brief Notes & Iran Review 1 4: 36-39.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “Werner Sundermann and the Christian Texts of the Berlin Turfan Collection.” In Zur lichten Heimat: Studien zu Manichäismus, Iranistik und Zentralasienkunde im Gedenken an Werner Sundermann. Edited by Team “Turfanforschung” 11-18. Iranica 25. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2017.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas, and James Hamilton. Documents turco-sogdiens du IXe–Xe siècle de Touen-houang. Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum 2.3. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1990.

Siniscalco, Paolo. Le antiche Chiese orientali: Storia e letteratura. Rome: Città Nuova, 2005.

Sinor, Denis, editor. The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, vol. 1. Cambridge: CUP, 1990.

Skrine, Francis Henry and Edward Denison Ross. The Heart of Asia: A History of Russian Turkestan and the Central Asian Khanates from the Earliest Times. London: Methuen, 1899. Accessed online 14.12.2018.

Smelova, Natalia. “Manuscrits chrétiens de Qara Qoto: nouvelles perspectives de recherché.” In Le christianisme syriaque en Asie Centrale et en Chine. Edited by Pier Giorgio Borbone and Pierre Marsone, 215-236. Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015.

Smith, Henry Preserved. “Chwolson’s Nestorian Epitaphs, II.” American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 15:2 (1899): 127-128.

Smith, Kyle. The Martyrdom and History of Blessed Simeon bar Sabba’e. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2014.

Soro, Mar Barwai. The Church of the East: Apostolic and Orthodox. San Jose, CA: Adiabene Publications, 2007.

Spinks, Bryan D.Mar Nestorius and Mar Theodore, the Interpreter: The Forgotten Eucharistic Prayers of East Syria. Joint Liturgical Studies 45. Cambridge: Grove Books, 1999.

Spuler, Bertold. “Le Christianisme chez les Mongols aux XIIIe et XIVe Siècles.” In: 1274. Année charnière. Mutations et continuités. Paris, 1977 (Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche scientifique 558), 45-54. PDF

Spuler, Bertold. Die Mongolen in Iran: Politik, Verwaltung und Kultur der Ilchanzeit 1220-1350. Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1968.

Spuler, Bertold. “Die Mongolen und das Christentum.” Internationale kirchliche Zeitschrift 28 (1938): 156-175.

Spuler, Betold. “Die Nestorianische Kirche.” Religionsgeschichte des Orients in der Zeit der Weltreligionen, 1:8 (1961), 120-169.

Spuler, Bertold. Geschichte der Mongolen: nach österlichen und europäischen Zeugnissen des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts. Zürich: Artemis, 1968.

Stafford, Ronald Sempill. The Tragedy of the Assyrians. Piscataway, NJ: Press, 2006.

Standaert, Nicolas, editor. “Chinese Primary Sources: Archival Sources.” In Handbook of Christianity in China Volume One: 635-1800, 121-130. Leiden: Brill, 2001. Available on Academia.edu.

Standaert, Nicholas, editor. Handbook of Christianity in China Volume One: 635-1800. Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section IV: China; Volume 15/1. Leiden: Brill, 2001.

Starowieyski, Marek and Antoni Tronina, editors. Apokryfy syryjskie. Historia i przysłowia Achikara. Grota skarbów. Apokalipsa Pseudo-Metodego. Pisma Apokryficzne 6. Kraków: Wydawnictwo WAM, 2011.

Starowieyski, M. “Iszodad z Merw.” In Słownik wczesnochrześcijańskiego piśmiennictwa Wschodu. Warszawa, 1999, 96.

Stewart, John. “The Missionary Activity of the Ancient Nestorian Church.” Ph.D. dissertation. University of Edinburgh, 1925.

Stewart, John. Nestorian Missionary Enterprise: The Story of a Church on Fire. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1928.  Accessed online 14.12.2018.

Strothmann, Werner. “Das Buch Kohelet und seine syrischen Ausleger.” In Erkenntnisse und Meinungen I. Edited by Gernot Wiessner, 189-238. Göttinger Orientforschungen, I. Reihe: Syriaca 3. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1973.

Strzelczyk, Jerzy. “Mongolia a Europa. Stolica Apostolska wobec problemu mongolskiego do połowy XIII w.” In Spotkanie dwóch światów: Stolica Apostolska a świat mongolski w połowie XIII w. Relacje powstałe w związku z misją Jana di Carpiniego do Mongołów, edited by Jerzy Strzelczyk, 7-112. Poznań: ABOS, 1993.

Strzelczyk, Jerzy. “Od Lyonu do Mongolii. Poselstwa do Wielkiego Chana i relacje wysłanników.” In Benedykt Polak: Z Europy do Azji przez Kazachstan (1245-1247), 15-46. Warszawa: Oficyna Olszynka. 2008.

Suermann, Harald. “Orientalische Christen und der Islam: Christliche Texte aus der Zeit von 632-750.” In Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft 67 (1983): 120-36.

Suermann, Harald. “Timotheos I. und die Asienmission.” In Syriaca II. Beiträge zum 3. deutschen Syrologen-Symposium in Vierzehnheiligen 2002. Edited by Martin Tamcke, 193-202. Studien zur orientalischen Kirchengeschichte 33. Münster: LIT, 2004.

Sundermann, Werner. “Byzanz und Bulayïq.” In Iranian and Indo-European Studies: Memorial Volume of Otakar Klíma, edited by Petr Vavroušek, 255-264. Prague: Enigma Corporation, 1994.

Sundermann, Werner. “Christliche Evangelientexte in der Überlieferung der iranisch-manichäischen Literatur.” Mitteilungen des Instituts für Orientforschung 14/3 (1968) 386-415.

Sundermann, Werner. “Der Manichäismus an der Seidenstraße. Aufstieg, Blüte und Verfall.” In Asien und Afrika. Vorträge des Zentrums für Asiatische und Afrikanische Studien (ZAAS) der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 3, Hamburg, 2001, 153-168.

Sundermann, Werner. “Der Schüler fragt den Lehrer. Eine Sammlung biblischer Rätsel in soghdischer Sprache.” In A Green Leaf. Papers in Honour of Professor Jes P. Asmussen, edited by Werner Sundermann, et al, 173-186. Acta Iranica 28. Leiden: Brill, 1988.

Sundermann, Werner. “Einige Bemerkungen zum syrisch-neupersischen Psalmenbruchstück aus Chinesisch-Turkistan.” In Mémorial Jean de Menasce. Edited by Philippe Gignoux and Ahmad Tafazzoli, 441-452. Fondation culturelle iranienne 185. Louvain: Imprimerie orientaliste, 1974.

Sundermann, Werner. ”Ein Bruchstück einer soghdischen Kirchengeschichte aus Zentralasien?” Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 24:1 (1976): 95-101.

Sundermann, Werner. “Ein soghdisches Fragment der Mār Eugen-Legende.” In Splitter aus der Gegend von Turfan. Festschrift für Peter Zieme anlässlich seines 60. Geburtstags. Edited by Mehmet Ölmez and Simone-Christiane Raschmann, 309-331. Türk dilleri araştırmaları dizisi 35. Istambul: Mehmet Ölmez, 2002.

Sundermann, Werner. “Nachlese zu F. W. K. Müllers ‘Soghdischen Texten I’,” Altorientalische Forschungen 1 (1974), 217-255; 3 (1975), 55-90; 8 (1981), 169-225.

Sundermann, Werner. “Zur frühen missionarischen Wirksamkeit Manis.” AOASH 24 (1971), 79-125.

Suter, Rufus. “The words san-i-fan-shen in the Inscription on the Nestorian Monument at Hsian-Fu.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 58 (New Haven, 1938), 384-93.

Swanson, Mark N. Folly to the Ḥunafāʼ: the cross of Christ in Arabic Christian-Muslim controversy in the eighth and ninth centuries A.D. Ph.D. dissertation. Rome: Pontifical Institutum Studiorum Arabicorum et Islamologiae, 1995. Accessed online 21.01.2020.

Świdnicki, Józef.  “Kościół katolicki na terenie Syberii i Azji Środkowej.” In Polacy w Kościele Katolickim w ZSRR. Lublin: Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1991.

T

Tackston, Wheeler McIntosh,  translator. Rashiduddin Fazlullah’s Jamiʻuʼt-tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles: A History of Mongols, 3 parts. Cambridge, MA: Department of Near Easter Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University, 1998-1999.

Taft, Robert F., S.J., editor. The Christian East. Its Institutions and Its Thought: A Critical Reflection. Papers of the International Scholarly Congress for the 75th Anniversary of the Pontifical Oriental Institute, Rome, 30 May – 5 June 1993

Takahashi, Hidemi. “Syriac as a Vehicle for Transmission of Knowledge across Borders of Empires.” Horizons 5:1 (2014): 29-52. Available on academia.edu.

Takahashi, Hidemi. “The Syriac Fragments in the Ōtani Collection atRyukoku University, Kyoto.” In Essays on the Manuscripts written in Central Asian Languages in the Otani Collection: Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Christianity. Edited by Takashi Irisawa and Koichi Kitsudo, 181-211. Ryukoku University Silk Road Studies 6. Kyoto: Research Institute for Buddhist Culture, Ryukoku University, 2017.

Tamcke, Martin, editor. Christians and Muslims in Dialogue in the Islamic Orient of the Middle Ages. Beirut: Orient-Institut; Würzburg: Ergon Verlag in Kommission, 2007.

Tamcke, Martin. “Coexistence and Discussion between Nestorian Christians and Shamanistic Mongolians – A Model with Future?” The Harp 10:1-2 (1997): 25-37.

Tamcke, Martin. “Der Gebrauch der Bibel bei den nestorianischen Mongolen.” In Bibelauslegung und Gruppenidentität: Vorträge der vierten Finnisch-deutschen Theologentagung (Makarios-Symposium) im Kloster Neu-Valamo, Finnland 28.-30.8.1991.Edited by Hans-Olof Kvist, 136-149. Åbo: Åbo Academy, 1992.

Tang, Li. “Le Christianisme Syriaque dans la Chine des Mongols Yuan: Diffusion, Statut des Chrétiens et Déclin (XIIIe-XIVe Siècles). In Études Syriaques 12. Edited by Pier Giorgio Borbone and Pierre Marsone, 63-88. Paris: Geuthner (2015). Available on academia.edu.

Tang, Li. “Critical Remarks on a So-Called Newly Discovered Jingjiao Epitaph from Luoyang with a Preliminary English Translation.” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 27-40. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016. Available on Academia.edu.

Tang, Li. East Syriac Christianity in Mongol-Yuan China. Orientalia Biblica et Christiana 18. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. Accessed online 18.12.2018.

Tang, Li. A History of Uighur Religious Conversions (5th-16th Centuries). Asia Research Institute, Working Paper Series, 44 (2005). Available on academia.edu.

Tang, Li. “Monastic Movement as a Driving Force in Syriac Christian Missions along the Ancient Silk Road.” In Make Disciples of All Nations: The Appeal and Authority of Christian Faith in Hellenistic-Roman Times. Edited by Loren T. Stuckenbruck, Beth Langstaff, and Michael Tilly, 189-198. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019. Available on academia.edu.

Tang, Li. “Mongol Responses to Christianity in China: A Yuan Dynasty Phenomenon.” Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 63 (April 2006), 3-24. PDF

Tang, Li. “A Preliminary Study on the Jingjiao Inscription of Luoyang: Text Analysis, Commentary and English Translation.”  In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 195-213. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009. Available on Academia.edu

Tang, Li. “Rediscovering the Ongut King George: Remarks on a Newly Excavated Archaeological Site.”  In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 357-380. (Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5.) Zürich/Münster: Lit Verlag, 2013. Available on Academia.edu.

Tang, Li. “Sorkaktani Beki: A Prominent Nestorian Woman at the Mongol Court.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L. Hofrichter, 349-355. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Tang, Li. A Study of the History of Nestorian Christianity in China and its Literature in Chinese: Together with a New English Translation of the Dunhuang Nestorian Documents.  Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2004.

Tang, Li. “Turkic Christians in Central Asia and China (5th‒14th Centuries).” In Studies in Turkic Philology: Festschrift in Honour of the 80th Birthday of Professor Geng Shimin. Edited by Zhang Dingjing and Abdurishid Yakup, vii-xx. Beijing: Minzu University Press, 2009. Available on academia.edu.

Tang, Li and Dietmar W. Winkler, editors. From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Orientalia-Patristica-Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: Lit Verlag, 2013.

Tang, Li and Dietmar W. Winkler, editors. Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016.

Tardieu, Michel. “Un site chrétien dans la Sogdiane des Sâmânides.” Le monde de la Bible 119 (1999), 40-42.

Tartar, Pasteur Georges. Dialogue Islamo-Chrétien sous le calife Al-Ma mûn (813-834): les Épitres d’Al-Hashimȋ et d’Al-Kindȋ. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Latines, 1985.

Taylor W.R. “Nestorian Crosses in China.” The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 55/1 (Jan. 1938): 56-60.

Tezcan, Mehmet. “On Christianity among Central Asian and Syr Daryan Oghuz and Their Possible Nestorian Connections.” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W.Winkler, 221-242. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016.

Tezcan, Mehmet and Asiye Bayindir. Aristocratic Warnen and Their Relationships to Nestorianism in the 13th Century Chingizid Empire.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 297-314. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich / Münster: LIT, 2013.

Thacker, Thomas William. “A Nestorian Gravestone from Central Asia in the Gulbenkian Museum, Durham University.” Durham University Journal NS 28 59: 94-107.

Thackston, Wheeler M. Rashiduddin Fazllul’s Jami’u’t-tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles; a History of the Mongols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Thomas, B. M. “Expansion of Christianity Outside the Roman Empire.” Federated Faculty for Research in Religion and Culture, Kottayam. 15 September, 2015. Available on Academia.edu

Thomas, B.M. “The St. Thomas Christians and Their East Syrian Connection.” Federated Faculty for Research in Religion and Culture, Kottayam. 7 July, 2015. Available on academia.edu.

Thomas, David, editor and translator. Anti-Christian Polemic in Early Islam: Abū ʻĪsā al-Warrāq’s “Against theTrinity.” Cambridge: CUP, 1992.

Thomas, David, editor. Christians at the Heart of Islamic Rule: Church Life and Scholarship in ʿAbbasid Iraq. Leiden: Brill, 2003. PDF

Thomas, David. The Encounter of Eastern Christianity with Early Islam.  The History of Christian-Muslim Relations, Volume: 5, edited by Emmanouela Grypeou and Mark N. Swanson. Leiden: Brill 2006.

Thomas, David, editor. Syrian Christians Under Islam: The First Thousand Years. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2001.

Thomas, Michael.“The Conversions of Adiabene and Edessa in Syriac Christianity and Judaism: The Relations of Jews and Christians in Northern Mesopotamia in Antiquity.” Concordia Theological Journal, Winter 2020, Volume 7:1, 10-33. PDF

Thompson, Glen L. “How Jingjiao Became Nestorian: Western Perceptions and Eastern Realities.” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 417-439. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich/Münster: LIT, 2013.

Tierney, Brittany. “Christianity in Afghanistan.” Saeculum Undergraduate Academic Journal 8/1 (2012). Accessed online 18.12.2018. PDF

Timothy I. Apology for Christianity. Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshuni. Edited and translated with a critical apparatus by A. Mingana. Volume 2. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, Ltd. 1928. Viewed online 17.12.2019.

Tisserant, Eugene. “L’Eglise Nestorienne” (The Nestorian Church). In Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique (Dictionary of Catholic Theology), volume XI, Paris, 1931, 157-263. Downloadable online.

Toepel, Alexander. Die Mönche des Kublai Khan: Die Reise der Pilger Mar Yahballaha und Rabban Sauma nach Europa. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2008.

Toepel, Alexander. “Die nestorianische Kirche und Rom im 13. Jahrhundert.” Oriens Christianus 92 (2008): 62-78.

Toma, William.  “Basic Features of the Liturgy with Especial Reference to the East Syrian Eucharistic Liturgy.” Church of Beth Kokheh Journal 4 (2016). Available on academia.edu.

Tommasi, Chiara O. ‘”Nestorians” on the Silk Road: Some Notes on the Stele of Xī’ān.  In La teologia dal V all’VIII secolo fra sviluppo e crisi. XLI Incontro di Studiosi dell’Antichità Cristiana (Roma, 9-11 maggio 2013), Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum, 645-669. Rome, 2014. Available on academia.edu.

Travis, Hannibal, editor. The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies. New York and Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2017.

Tremblay, Xavier. Pour une histoire de la Sérinde: le manichéisme parmi les peuples et religions d’Asie Centrale d’après les sources primaires. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Iranistik ; Nr. 28. Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2001.

Trimingham, J. Spencer. Christianity Among the Arabs in Pre-Islamic Times. London: Longman, 1979.

Tritton, A. S. The Caliphs and Their Non-Muslim Subjects: A Critical Study of the Covenant of ‘Umar. Abington, Oxon. & New York: Routledge, 2008. Accessed online 18.12.2018.

Tronina, Antoni. “Objawienie Nemroda w tradycji syryjskiej.” In Scio cui credidi. Księga pamiątkowa ku czci Księdza Profesora Mariana Ruseckiego w 65. rocznicę urodzin. Edited by I. Ledwoń, K. Kaucha, Z. Krzyszowski, J. Mastej and A. Pietrzak, 1013-1019. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, 2007.

Tronina, Antoni. “Pochodzenie legendy o trzech królach.” Vox Patrum 26/49 (2006): 673-682.

Troupeau, Gérard. “Kościoły i chrześcijanie na obszarze Wschodu muzułmańskiego.” Historia chrześcijaństwa. Religia – kultura – polityka, volume IV: Biskupi, mnisi i cesarze 610-1-54, edited by J.-M. Mayer et al., Warszawa 1999, 319-382.

Tubach, Jürgen. “Abgrenzung und Selbstbehauptung in einer multikulturellen Umwelt: Die christliche Gemeinde von Merw, einer Metropole an der Seidenstraße, in der ausgehenden Sasanidenzeit.” In Symposium Syriacum VII: Uppsala University, Department of Asian and African Languages, 11-14 August 1996. Edited by René Lavenant, 409-419. Orientalia Christiana Analecta 256. Roma: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1998.

Tubach, Jürgen. “Die Heimat des China-Missionars Alopen.” Oriens Christianus 76 (1992): 95-100.

Tubach, Jürgen. “Die nestorianische Kirche in China.” Nubica et Æthiopica 4-5 (1999): 61-193.

U

Uciecha, Andrzej. “Adam i Ewa we wschodnio-syryjskiej egzegezie Iszodada z Merw (Rdz 2,21-24): stan badań, komentarz i przekład.” Śląskie Studia Historyczno-Teologiczne, 49.2 (2016), 302-310. PDF

Uciecha, Andrzej. “Rola i znaczenie “córek Syjonu’’ w Kościele perskim w IV I V wieku.” Verbum Vitae 19 (2011): 233-246.

Uray, Géza. “Tibet’s Connections with Nestorianism and Manichaeism in the 8th–10th Centuries.” In Contributions on Tibetan Language, History and Culture: Proceedings of the Csoma De Körös Symposium Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13-19 September 1981. Edited by Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher, 399-429. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 10. Wien: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universität Wien, 1983.

V

Valdés Guerrero, Juan. La Cristiandad Medieval y China, los mundos distantes. Dissertation. Universidad del Bio-Bio, 2010. PDF.

Van den Eynde, Ceslas. Commentaire d’Išo‘dad de Merv sur l’Ancien Testament, I: Genèse. CSCO 156, Syr. 75. Louvain: L. Durbecq, 1955.

Van den Eynde, Ceslas, editor. Commentaire d’Išo‘dad de Merv sur l’Ancient Testament, II: Exode–Deutéronome. CSCO 176, 179, Syr. 80-81. Louvain: Secrétariat du CorpusSCO, 1958.

Van den Eynde, Ceslas, editor. Commentaire d’Išo‘dad de Merv sur l’Ancient Testament, III: Livres des Sessions. CSCO 229-230, Syr. 96-97. Louvain: Secrétariat du CorpusSCO, 1962-1963.

Van den Eynde, Ceslas, editor. Commentaire d’Išo‘dad de Merv sur l’Ancient Testament, IV: Isaïe et les Douze. CSCO 303-304, Syr. 128-129. Louvain: Secrétariat du CorpusSCO, 1969. Available on archive.org.

Van den Eynde, Ceslas, editor. Commentaire d’Išo‘dad de Merv sur l’Ancient Testament, V: Jérémie, Ézéchiel, Daniel. CSCO 328-329, Syr. 146-147. Louvain: Secrétariat du CorpusSCO, 1972.

Van den Eynde, Ceslas, editor. Commentaire d’Išo‘dad de Merv sur l’Ancient Testament, VI: Psaumes. CSCO 433-434, Syr. 185-186. Louvain: Peeters, 1981.

van den Wyngaert, Anastasius, editor. Sinica Franciscana. Vol. I, Itinera et relationes fratrum minorum saeculi XIII et XIV. Firenze: Collegium S. Bonaventurae, 1929.

Van der Ploeg, Johannes Petrus Maria. “Le Christianisme en Perse Sassanide.” Persica 7 (1975-1978): 137-143.

van der Vat, Odulphus. Die Anfänge der Franziskanermissionen und ihre Weiterentwicklung im nahen Orient und in dem mohammedanischen Ländern während des 13 Jahrhunderts. Werl/Westfalen: Franziskus-Druckerei, 1934.

Van Esbroeck, Michel. “Caucasian Parallels to Chinese Cross Representations.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roma Malek Peter L. Hofrichter, 425-444. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Van Gorder, A. Christian. Christianity in Persia and the Status of Non-Muslims in Iran. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2010. PDF

Van Gorder, A. Christian. Muslim-Christian relations in Central Asia. London and New York: Routledge, 2008.

Van Rompay, Lucas. “Išo‘ bar Nun and Išo‘dad of Merv: New Data for the Study of the Interdependence of their Exegetical Works.” Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 8 (1977): 229-249.

Van Rompay, Lucas. “Le commentaire sur Gen.–Ex. 9,32 du manuscrit (olim) Diyarbakir 22 et I’exégèse syrienne orientale du huitième au dixième siècle.” In Symposium Syriacum, 1976: célebré du 13 au 17 septembre 1976 au Centre Culturel “Les Fontaines” de Chantilly (France). Edited by François Graffin and Antoine Guillaumont, 113-123. Orientalia Christiana Analecta 205. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, 1978.

Van Rompay, Lucas. “Development of Biblical Interpretation in the Syrian Churches of the Middle Ages.” In Hebrew Bible/Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation. Vol. I: From the Beginnings to the Middle Ages (Until 1300). Part 2: The Middle Ages. Edited by Magne Sæbø, 559-577. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2000.

Van Rompay, Lucas. “Išo‘ bar Nun and Išo‘dad of Merv: New Data for the Study of the Interdependence of their Exegetical Works.” Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 8 (1977): 229-249.

Van Rooy, Harry F. “Ishodad of Merv’s Exegesis of Psalms 2, 8, and 45 in the Light of Antiochene Exegesis.” In The Bible, the Qur’ān, & Their Interpretation: Syriac Perspectives. Edited by Cornelia B. Horn, 47-70. Eastern Mediterranean Texts and Contexts 1. Warwick, Rhode Island: Abelian Academic, 2013.

Van Rooy, Harry F. “Messianic and Christological interpretation in Išô‘dâdh of Merw’s Commentary on Ezekiel.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 70:1 (2014): 1-4.

Van Rooy, Harry F., and Craig Blaising. “The Interpretation of the So-Called Maccabean Psalms by Ishodad of Merv.” In Biblical & Qur’ānic Traditions in the Middle East. Edited by Cornelia B. Horn and Sidney Harrison Griffith, 129-148. Eastern Mediterranean Texts and Contexts 2. Warwick, Rhode Island: Abelian Academic, 2016.

Vasko, Mikko. “The Image of the Mongols in Syriac Texts in the Late Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Century.” In Methods and the Medievalist: Current Approaches in Medieval Studies. Edited by Marko Lamberg, et al., 86-102. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008.

Vasko, Mikko. Writing a Christianized History of the Mongols: The Mongols in Syriac texts in the late 13th and early 14th century. M. A. Thesis, University of Oulu, 24 January, 2006. Available on academia.edu.

Vergani, Emidio. “Cronologia delle Chiese sire. Storia e sviluppo della Chiesa Siro-orientale (410–651 d.C.).” In Storia, cristologia e tradizioni della Chiesa Siro-orientale. Atti del 3 Incontro sull’Oriente Cristiano di tradizione siriaca (Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 14 maggio 2004). Edited by Emidio Vergani and Sabino Chialà, 149-158. Ecumenismo e dialogo. Milano: Centro Ambrosiano, 2006.

Vesa, Valentin. “Church–Imperial Power Relationship in the Persian Empire of the 5th Century: The Role of Politics in the Reception of the First Ecumenical Council.” Altarul Reîntregirii 2, Supplement (2013): 261-276.

Vine, Aubrey R. The Nestorian Churches: A Concise History of Nestorian Christianity in Asia from the Persian Schism to the Modern Assyrians. London: Independent Press, 1937. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Voigt, Rainer M. “Syro-Uigurica.” In Scripts Beyond Borders: A Survey of Allographic Traditions in the Euro-Mediterranean World. Edited by Johannes den Heijer, et al., 231-256. Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain 62. Louvain: Peeters, 2014.

Volterra, Edoardo. “Il Libro Siro-Romano nelle recenti ricerche.” In Atti del convegno internazionale sul tema “L’Oriente cristiano nella storia della civiltà,” Roma 31 marzo-3 aprile 1963, Firenze 4 aprile 1963, 297-328. Problemi attuali di scienza e di cultura 62. Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 1964.

Vööbus Arthur. History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient: A Contribution to the History of Culture in the Near East, I. The Origin of Asceticism. Early Monasticism in Persia.  Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium 184/14. Louvain: Peeters, 1958.

Vööbus Arthur. History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient. A Contribution to the History of Culture in the Near East, II. Early Monasticism in Mesopotamia and Syria. Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium 197/17. Louvain: Peeters, 1960.

Vööbus, Arthur. “In Pursuit of Syriac Manuscripts.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 37/2. Colloquium on Aramaic Studies (Apr. 1978): 187-193. Accessed online 29.08.2019

Vööbus, Arthur. “The Origin of the Monophysite Church in Syria and Mesopotamia.” Church History 42/1 (March 1973): 17-26. Available through JSTOR

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “La Bénédiction de Jacob d’après Mar Išo‘dad de Merw (c.850): (Gen. 49).” Biblica 29:1 (1948): 1-30.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “La table ethnographique de Gen. X, d’après Mar Išo‘dad de Merw (c. 850).” Le Muséon 59 (1946): 319-332.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Le Gannat Bussame.” Revue Biblique 37 (1928): 221-232, 386-419.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Le Prophète promis par Moïse d’après Mar Išo‘dad de Merw (c. 850): (Deut. 18,15-19).” Biblica 30:1 (1949): 1-9.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Le proto-évangile selon l’exégèse de Mar Išo‘dad de Merw (c. 850): (Gen. 3,15).” Biblica 29 (1948): 313-320.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Les citations syro-hexaplaires d’Išo‘dad de Merw dans le commentaire sur les Psaumes.” Biblica 26 (1945): 12-36.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Les deux versions syriaques de la Bible d’après Mar Išo‘dad de Merw (c. 850).” Biblica 33 (1952): 235-236.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Les oracles de Balaam d’après Mar Išo‘dad de Merw (c. 850): (Num. 22-24).” Biblica 29:3 (1948): 169-194.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “L’introduction de Mar Išo‘dad de Merw (c. 850) aux livres de l’Ancien Testament.” Biblica 26 (1945): 182-202.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Mar Išo‘dad de Merw sur Job: Simples notes.” Biblica 30:3 (1949): 305-313.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Mar Išo‘dad de Merw sur les Psaumes.” Biblica 25 (1944): 261-296.

Vosté, Jacques Marie. “Théodore de Mopsueste sur les Psaumes.” Angelicum 19 (1942): 179-198.

Vosté, Jacques Marie, and Ceslas van den Eynde, eds. Commentaire d’Išo‘dad de Merv sur l’Ancien Testament, I: Genèse. CSCO 126, Syr. 67. Louvain: L. Durbecq, 1950.

Vryonis, Speros. The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh Through the Fifteenth Century. Publications of the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, UCLA 4. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.

W

Waardenburg, Jacques. “Towards a Periodization of Earliest Islam According to its Relations with Other Religions.” In Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of the Union Européenne Des Arabisants Et Islamisants, Amsterdam, 1st to 7th September 1978, edited by Rudolph Peters, 304-326. Publications of the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology and Arabic Studies in Cairo, 4. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1981.

Walker, Joel Thomas. “From Nisibis to Xi’an: The Church of the East in Late Antique Eurasia.” In The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson, 994-1052. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Available on academia.edu.

Walker, Joel Thomas. The Legend of Mar Qardagh: Narrative and Christian Heroism in Late Antique Iraq. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. Accessed online 27.12.2018.

Waltz, James. “Historical Perspectives on ‘Early Missions’ to Muslims.” Muslim World 61 (1971): 170-186.

Wang, Ding. “Remnants of Christianity from Chinese Central Asia in Medieval Ages.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L. Hofrichter, 149-162. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006. Available on Academia.edu

Wang, Yuanyuan. “Priests of Jingjiao in the Xizhou Uighur Kingdom (Five Dynasties – The Early Song Dynasty).” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W Winkler, 333-347.Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016.

Waterfield, Robin E. Christians in Persia: Assyrians, Armenians, Roman Catholics and Protestants. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1973. Available from Internet Archive, 27.12.2018.

Weber, Claudia. “Wenn sie meinen Namen anrufen …”. In Religionsbegegnung und Kulturaustausch in Asien. Studien zum Gedenken an Hans-Joachim Klimkeit. Edited by Wolfgang Gantkeet al., 218-225. Studies in Oriental Religions 49. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2002.

Weitz, Lev E. Syriac Christians in the Medieval Islamic World: Law, Family, and Society. Ph.D. Dissertation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 2013. PDF

Weltecke, Dorothea. “Les trois grandes chroniques syro-orthodoxes des XIIe et XIIIe siècles.” In L’historiographie syriaque. Edited by Muriel Debié, 107–135. Études Syriaques 6. Paris: Geuthner, 2009.

Wessel, Susan. Cyril of Alexandria and the Nestorian Controversy: The Making of a Saint and a Heretic. Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford: OUP, 2004.

Widengren, Geo. “The Nestorian Church in Sasanian and Early Post-Sasanian Iran.” In Incontro di religioni in Asia tra il III e il X sec. d.C., edited by Lionello Lanciotti, 1-30. Civiltà veneziana Studi 39. Firenze: L.S. Olschki, 1984.

Wigram, Wilgram Ainger. The Assyrians and Their Neighbours. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1929. PDF. Read online.

Wigram, William Ainger. The Doctrinal Position of the Assyrian or East Syrian Church. Prefaced by a memorandum on our relation to the separated churches of the East by John Wordsworth, Bishop of Salisbury. London: S.P.c.K., 1908.

Wigram, William Ainger. “Intercommunion with the Assyrian Church.” London:Faith Press, 1920. Accessed online 29.08.2019

Wigram, William Ainger. An Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church, or the Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire, 100–640 A.D. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1910. Accessed online 24.10.2018.

Williams, A.V. “Zoroastrians and Christian in Sasanian Iran.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 78/3 (1996): 3:37. PDF

Wilmshurst, David. The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East 1318-1913. Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 582. Louvain: Peeters Press, 2000.

Wilmshurst, David. The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East. London: East & West Publishing, 2011.

Winkler, Dietmar W. “The Assyrian Church of the East in the 20th century: A Brief Survey.” The Harp 16 (2002): 245-270. Available on Academia.edu

Winkler, Dietmar W. “Christian Responses to Islam in the Umayyad Period.” In Syriac Churches encountering Islam: Past Experiences and Future Perspectives. Edited by D.W. Winkler, 66-84. Pro Oriente Studies in Syriac Tradition 1. Piscataway: Gorgias 2010. Available on Academia.edu

Winkler, Dietmar W. “Die Christologie des ostsyrischen Katholikos Îshô‘yahb III. von Adiabene (580–659).” Studia Patristica 35 (2001): 516-526.

Winkler, Dietmar W. “East Syriac Christianity in Iraq: A Glance at History from the First World War until Today.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters. Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 321-334. Berlin: LIT 2009. Available on Academia.edu

Winkler, Dietmar W. Ostsyrisches Christentum: Untersuchungen zu Christologie, Ekklesiologie und zu den ökumenischen Beziehungen der Assyrischen Kirch de Ostens. Münster: Lit Verlag, 2003.

Winkler, Dietmar W. “Die Söhne und Töchter des Bundes. Askese und Geist im frühen syrischen Christentum Mesopotamiens.” In Geist und Feuer. Festschrift anlässlich des 70. Geburtstages von Erzbischof Dr. Alois M. Kothgasser SDB, edited by R. Egger-Wenzel, 243-257. Innsbruck: Tyrolia, 2007. Available on Academia.edu

Winkler, Dietmar W. “Theological Transfer: How did Monks from China Influence East Syriac Sacramental Theology?” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 401-17. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016. Available on Academia.edu

Winkler, Dietmar W., and Li Tang, eds. Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Witakowski, Witold. “The Magi in Syriac Tradition.” In Malphono w-Rabo d-Malphone: Studies in Honor of Sebastian P. Brock. Edited by George Anton Kiraz, 809-843. Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies 3. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2008.

Wodzianowska, I. “Pranajtis Justyn Bonawentura.” Encyklopedia Katolicka tom XVI, 256-257. 

Wood, Philip. “The Chronicle of Seert and Roman Ecclesiastical History in the Sasanian World.” In History and Identity in the Late Antique Near East.  Edited by Philip Wood, 43-59. Oxford Studies in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Wright, Thomas. Early Christianity in Arabia: A Historical Essay. London: Bernard Quaritch, 1855. Accessed online 27.12.2018.

Wróbel, Marta. “‘Z małych kropelek, byle gęstych, poswtaja wielkie wody’: Przyczynek do historii budowy kościoła w Taszkencie.” W Drogi Miłosierdzia: Miesięcznik Archidiecezji Białostockiej.  Cz. 1, Październik, 2018; Cz. 2 Listopad, 2018. Accessed online 7.05.2019.

Wylie, Alexander. “On The Nestorian Tablet of Se-gan Foo.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 5 (1855): 275-336. Available on JSTOR.

X

Xie, Bizhen. “The History of Quanzhou Nestorianism.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia.  Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L Hofrichter, 257-275. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Y

Yacoub, Joseph. “Les Syriaques et les Missions.” In Nos sources. Arts et littérature syriaques. Sources syriaques 1 401-422. Antélias: Centre d’Études et de Recherches Orientales, 2005.

Yakup, Abdurishid. “On the Interlinear Poetry in the Newly Unearthed Nestorian Text.” In Splitter aus der Gegend von Turfan. Festschrift für Peter Zieme anlässlich seines 60. Geburtstags. Edited by Mehmet Ölmez and Simone-Christiane Raschmann, 409-417. Türk dilleri araştırmaları dizisi 35. Istambul: Mehmet Ölmez, 2002.

Yan, Wanjun. “Tangdai zhaowu jiuxing zhi zongjiao de dongchuan” (The Eastward Diffusion of the Religions of Sogdians during the Tang Dynasty). Shijie zongjiao yanjiu (Studies in World Religions) 1 (1988): 132-140.

Ye’or, Bat. The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: from Jihad to Dhimmitude: Seventh-Twentieth Century. Trans. Miriam Kochan and David Littman. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. Available on academia.edu.

Yohannan, Abraham. The Death of a Nation: Or, the Ever-persecuted Nestorians or Assyrian Christians. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1916. Accessed online 27.12.2018.

Yoshida, Yutaka. “Christian Sogdians in China, Turfan, and Sogdiana: Problems raised by a Christian Sogdian text Ōtani 2497.” In Essays on the Manuscripts written in Central Asian Languages in the Otani Collection: Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Christianity. Edited by Takashi Irisawa and Koichi Kitsudo, 155-180. Ryukoku University Silk Road Studies 6. Kyoto: Research Institute for Buddhist Culture, Ryukoku University, 2017.

Younansardaroud, Helen. “Die türkischen Texte aus dem Buch ‘Manuel de Piéte’ von Paul Bedjan (1893).” In Studia Semitica et Semitohamitica: Festschrift für Rainer Voigt anläßlich seines 60. Geburtstages am 17. Januar 2004. Edited by Bogdan Burtea, et al., 489-525. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 317. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2005.

Young, John M. L. By Foot to China: Mission of the Church of the East, to 1400. Tokyo: Radio Press, 1984. Accessed online 24.10.2018. 

Young, William G. Patriarch, Shah and Caliph: A Study of the Relationships of the Church of the East with the Sassanid Empire and the Early Caliphates up to 820 A.D., with Special Reference to Available Translated Syriac Sources. Rawalpindi, Pakistan: Christian Study Centre, 1974.

Yule, Henry, editor and translator. The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian, Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1903. Accessed online 27.12.2018, volume 1. Volume 2.

Yule, Henry. Cathay and the Way Thither. 4 vols. Edited by H. Cordier. London: Hakluyt Society, 1913-1916. Accessed online, volume 1. Volume 2. Volume 3. Volume 4.

Yurchenko, Alexander. “Why did not the Mongol Empire become a Christian Empire?” In Zakrzewski Kazimierz. Historia Bizancjum. Kraków: TAiWPN Universitas, 2007., edited by Gaby Bamana, 12-16. Ulaanbaatar: Antoon Mostaert Mongolian Study Center, 2006.

Z

Zając, Andrzej, editor. Między papieżem a wielkim chanem: o franciszkanach w Azji środkowo-wschodniej. Kraków: Instytut Studiów Franciszkańskich, 2015.

Zakrzewski Kazimierz. Historia Bizancjum. Kraków: TAiWPN Universitas, 2007.

Żelazny, Jan Witold. “The Legend of Shirin in Syriac Sources: A Warning against Caesaropapism?” Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 2 (2010): 121-134.

Żelazny, Jan Witold. Zarys literatury patrystycznej kręgu języka syryjskiego. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Unum, 2011.

Załęski, Stanisław. Misje w Persji w XVII I XVIII wieku pod protektoratem Polski. Kraków: Drukarnia Czasu, 1882. Accessed online 29.12.2018.

Zernov, Nicholas. Eastern Christendom: A Study of the Origin and Development of the Eastern Orthodox Church. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1961. Accessed online 29.12.2018.

Zharkikh, Nicholas.Guillaume de Rubruk. Kiev, 2012. Available on Academia.edu

Zieme, Peter. “A Cup of Cold Water: Folios of a Nestorian-Turkic Manuscript from Kharakhoto.” In Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia. Edited by Roman Malek and Peter L. Hofrichter, 341-345. Collectanea Serica. Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta Serica, 2006.

Zieme, Peter. Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien. Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies 41. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2015.

Zieme, Peter. “Das nestorianische Glaubenskenntnis in einem alttürkischen Fragment aus Bulayїq.” Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher. N.F. 15 (1997-98): 173-180.

Zieme, Peter. “Das türkische Vaterunser in syrischer Schrift.” In Studies on the Turkic World: A Festschrift for Professor Stanisław Stachowski on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday. Edited by Barbara Podolak and Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld, 223-230. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press, 2010.

Zieme, Peter. “Ein Hochzeitssegen uigurischer Christen.” In Scholia: Beiträge zur Turkologie und Zentralasienkunde, edited by Klaus Röhrborn & Horst Wilfrid Brands, 221-232. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz, 1981.

Zieme, Peter. “Notes on a Bilingual Prayer Book from Bulayik.” In Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, 167-180. Berlin and Münster: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Zieme, Peter. “Notes on the Religions in the Mongol Empire.” In Islam and Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes. Edited by Anna Akasoy, et. al. 177-187, England: Ashgate, 2011.

Zieme, Peter. “Notes sur les textes chrétiens en vieux-ouïghour.” In Le christianisme syriaque en Asie Centrale et en Chine. Edited by Pier Giorgio Borbone and Pierre Marsone, 185-198. Études syriaques 12. Paris: Geuthner, 2015.

Zieme, Peter. “Review of: Četin Džumagulov, ‘Kırgızstandagı nestorian-türk džazū ėstelikteri (XIII–XIV kılımdar)’ (Bishkek 2011).” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 17:2 (2014): 382-387.

Zieme, Peter. “The Tale of Ahikar according to a Garshuni Turkish Manuscript 131 of the John Rylands University Library.” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 131-145. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 9. Wien: LIT, 2016.

Zieme, Peter. “Turkic Christianity in the Black City (Xaraxoto).” In From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. Edited by Li Tang and Dietmar W. Winkler, 99-106. Orientalia ‒ Patristica ‒ Oecumenica 5. Zürich / Münster: LIT, 2013.

Zieme, Peter. “Zu den nestorianisch-türkischen Turfantexten.” In Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der altaischen Völker. Protokollband der XII. Tagung der Permanent International Altaistic Conference 1969 in Berlin. Edited by Georg Hazai and Peter Zieme, 661-668. Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients 5. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1974.

Zoref, Arye. “The Influence of Syriac Bible Commentaries on Judeo Arabic Exegesis as Demonstrated by Several Stories from the Book of Genesis.” Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations 11:1 (2016): 1-18.

Zouberi, Joan. “The role of religion in the foreign affairs of Sasanian Iran and the Later Roman Empire (330-630 A.D.).” Historia i świat 6 (2017):121-132. PDF

Bibliography websites

Annotated Bibliography of the History and Culture of Eastern Turkistan, Jungharia/ Zungaria/ Dzungaria, Chinese Central Asia, and Sinkiang/ Xinjiang

Annotated Bibliography of Syriac Resources Online

Annotated Bibliography of Syriac Studies in Russian 2009

Bibliographical Guide to Arab Orthodox Christianity, updated 12.2014

Bibliographie alttürkischer Studien

Bibliography of Syriac and Christian Arabic Studies in Russian, 2010-2012

Bibliography of Syriac and Christian Arabic Studies in Russian, 2013

Bibliography of Syriac and Christian Arabic Studies in Russian, 2014

Bibliography of Syriac and Christian Arabic Studies in Russian, 2015

Bibliography of Syriac and Christian Arabic Studies in Russian, 2016

Bibliography of Syriac and Christian Arabic Studies in Russian, 2017

Bibliography of Syriac and Christian Arabic Studies in Russian, 2018

Bibliography of Syriac and Christian Arabic Studies in Russian, 2019

Bibliography of Syriac Ascetic and Mystical Literture (update 2011-2017)

Christiano-Sogdica: An Updated Bibliography on the Relationship between Sogdians and Christianity throughout Central Asia and into China. Compiled by Matteo Nicolini-Zani.

Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity

Recent Books on Syriac Topics: 2014

Recent Books on Syriac Topics: 2015

Recent Publications on Syriac Topics: 2016

Recent Publications on Syriac Topics: 2017 (option 2)

Recent Publications on Syriac Topics: 2018 (option 2)

Recent Publications on Syriac Topics: 2019 (option 2)

Recent Publications on Syriac Topics: 2020 (option 2)

Syrian Christianity: Recent Bibliography in Russian (option 2)

A Working Bibliography for Religion in Central Asia (up to the 13th century)